GI

Question 1

Side effects of sulfasalazind

Answer 1

Oligospermia
Sulphonamide toxicity
Nausea
Malaise

Question 2

Action of ocreotide

Answer 2

Somatostatin analogue
Inhibits secretion of various splanchnic vasodilatory hormoens

Question 3

Side effects of ocreotide

Answer 3

Gall stones, steattorhoea, nausea, cramps

Question 4

Side effects of aluminium hydroxide

Answer 4

CHOPS
Constipation
Hypophosphataemia
Osteodystrophy
Proximal muscle weakness
Seizures

Question 5

Side effects of PPI’s

Answer 5

C diff
Acute interstitial nephritis
Low Mg and Ca
Can worsen osteoporosis

Question 6

Action of ondansetron

Answer 6

5 HT3 antagonist

Question 7

Side effects of ondansetron

Answer 7

QT prolongation
Serotonin syndrome

Question 8

Action of prochlorperazine

Answer 8

D2 receptor antagonist

Question 9

Side effects of D2 receptor antagonists ( prochlorperazine and metochlorpramide)

Answer 9

Extra pyramidal side effects
Increased prolactin
GI effects
Anxiety, restlessness
Depression

Question 10

side effects of ranitidine

Answer 10

same with other PPI’s
+ sexual dysfunction

Question 11

what laxative has carcinognic potential

Answer 11

co-danthramer

Question 12

action of loperamide

Answer 12

agonist of U opioid receptors in the myenteric plexus large intestine

Question 13

mechanism of orlistat

Answer 13

inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase which results in decreased breakdown and absorption of fats

Question 14

side effects of orlistat

Answer 14

reduced absorption of fat soluble vitamins
GI upset (bowel urgency/frequency, abdo pain, flatulence)
steattorhoea

Question 15

mechanism of aprepitant and fosaprepitant

Answer 15

used in chaemotherapy induced nausea/vomiting
NK1 (neurokinase) receptor antagonist (NK1 receptor is substance P receptor)

Question 16

side effects of fosaprepitant

Answer 16

fatigue
GI upset

Question 17

mechanism of action of PPI’s

Answer 17

inhibit H/K ATPase in parietal cells in the stomach

Question 18

what electrolyte abnormality does antacids cause

Answer 18

hypokalaemia

Question 19

mode of action of sucralfate and bismuth

Answer 19

bind to ulcer and promote secretion of HC03 to neutralise PH gradient in the mucous layer

Question 20

what medication is used for ulcer healing

Answer 20

sucralfate

Question 21

what medication is used for travellers diarrhoea

Answer 21

bismuth

Question 22

what antacid causes hyporeflexia, hypotension, diarrhoea and cardiac arrest

Answer 22

magnesium hydroxide
(Mg2 - must go 2 bathroom)

Question 23

mode of action of misoprostol

Answer 23

PGE1 analogue
increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decreases acid production

Question 24

clinical use of misoprostol

Answer 24

prevention f NSAID induced gastric ulcers (NSAID block PGE1 production)
used off label for induction of labour as ripens cervix

Question 25

Cimetidine drug class and side effects

Answer 25

H2 receptor antagonist inhibits cytochrome P450 antiandrogen effects (decreases libido, impotence, gynaecomastia, increases prolactin) crosses BBB (confusion, dizziness, headaches)

Question 26

difference in cimetidine and famotidine side effect profil

Answer 26

both H2 receptor antagonists cimetidine causes ani-androgen effects but famotidine doesnt