Antibiotics

Question 1

mechanism of action of trimethoprim

Answer 1

bind to dihydrofolate reductase thereby interfering with bacterial DNA synthesis

Question 2

what is a side effect of ethambutol

Answer 2

vision loss

Question 3

what investigations are required prior to starting anti-TB medication

Answer 3

FBC, U&E, LFT’s, visual assessment,

Question 4

what is given to prevent peripheral neuropathy with isoniazid

Answer 4

pyridoxine (B6)

Question 5

ergosterol synthetase inhibitor

Answer 5

terbutaline

Question 6

antifungal cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Answer 6

echinocandins ‘caspofungin’

Question 7

antifungal that affects cell membrane synthesis

Answer 7

Polyenes; nystatin, amphotericin B

Question 8

antifungal affecting ergosterol synthesis

Answer 8

clotrimazole, fluconazole

Question 9

antifungal that can cause infusion reaction with chills and pyrexia

Answer 9

amphotericin B

Question 10

side effects echinocandins (caspofungin)

Answer 10

GI upset, flushing

Question 11

side effects of fluconazole

Answer 11

hepatotoxic, headache, fever, vomiting

Question 12

amphotericin B side effects

Answer 12

infusion reaction with chills/fever

Question 13

transpeptidase inhibitor

Answer 13

penicillins

Question 14

protein synthesis inhibitor

Answer 14

tetracyclins i.e. doxycyline

Question 15

inhibit DNA gyrase

Answer 15

flouroquinolones

Question 16

damages bacterial DNA and ribosomal proteins after intracellular reduction into reactive molecules

Answer 16

nitrofurantoin

Question 17

inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by inhibiting transcription

Answer 17

rifampicin

Question 18

inhibits arabinosyl transferase

Answer 18

ethambutol

Question 19

inhibits fatty acid synthetase I

Answer 19

pyrazidamine

Question 20

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis

Answer 20

isoniazid

Question 21

griseofulvan mode of action

Answer 21

interferes with microtubular function
binds to alpha/beta tubulin dimer and disrupts spindle apparatus preventing replication by dermatophytes

Question 22

inhibits protein synthesis by acting on 50s subunit

Answer 22

macrolides i.e. erythromycin
chloramphenicol

Question 23

inhibits protein synthesis by acting on the 30s subunit

Answer 23

gentamicin
doxycycline

Question 24

mechanism of action of cephalosporins

Answer 24

inhibition of peptidoglycan cross linking

Question 25

rifabutin vs rifampicin

Answer 25

rifabutin is favoured over rifampicin in HIV individuals due to less effect on CYP450

Question 26

isoniazid mechanism and mode of resistance

Answer 26

inhibits mycolic acid synthesis decreasing cell wall synthesis resistance arises due to mutations in katG (as katG is rewuired to convert isoniazid to active form)

Question 27

anti TB drug that can cause hyperuricaemia

Answer 27

pyrizinamide

Question 28

mode of action of ethambutal

Answer 28

inhibits arabinosyltransferase which decreases arabinogalactan synthesis which decreases cell wall synthesis

Question 29

rifampicin action and mode of resistance

Answer 29

inhibits DNA dependant RNA polymerase which decreases mRNA synthesis resistance arises due to mutations in gene encoding RNA polymerase

Question 30

antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy

Answer 30

SAFe Children Take Good Care sulphonamides aminoglycosides flouroquinolones chloramphenicol tetracyclines griseofulvin clindamycin

Question 31

inhibiting dihydropteroate synthetase

Answer 31

sulphonamides

Question 32

HIV treatment - what are the integrase inhibitors

Answer 32

its grave/great u integrate integrase inhibitors end in gravir i.e. raltegravir

Question 33

HIV treatment - what are the protease inhibitors

Answer 33

never (navir) tease a pro drugs which end in 'navir' are protease inhibitors i.e. ritonavir

Question 34

what HIV medication is a potent P450 enzym inhibitor and what class of drug is this

Answer 34

ritonavir protease inhibitor

Question 35

side effects of protease inhibitors

Answer 35

hyperbilirubinaemia diabetes buffalo hump, central obesity p450 enzyme inhibition

Question 36

general side effect all NRTI can cause

Answer 36

myelosuppression nephrotoxicity peripheral neuropathy

Question 37

HIV medication which can cause pancreatitis and drug class

Answer 37

didanosine NRTI

Question 38

HIV medication which can cause black nails, myopathy and anaemia

Answer 38

ziduvudine NRTI

Question 39

HIV medication which can cause renal impairment and osteoporosis

Answer 39

tenofovir NRTI

Question 40

HIV drug class which prevents its DNA from entering cells

Answer 40

integrase inhibitors

Question 41

malarial prophylaxis contraindicated in epilepsy

Answer 41

cchloroquine

Question 42

side effects of griseofulvan

Answer 42

teratogenic, carcinogenic, confusion, headaches, disulfiram like reactions, increases CYP450 enzyme

Question 43

what antifungal causes disulfiram like reaction

Answer 43

griseofulvan intereferes with microtubule function

Question 44

anti protozoal medication to treat leishmaniasis

Answer 44

sodium stibogluconate

Question 45

mode of action of aciclovir

Answer 45

guanosine analogue inhibit viral DNA polymerase by chain termination

Question 46

adverse effects of aciclovir

Answer 46

AKI - obstructive crystalline nephropathy

Question 47

side effects of NRTI's

Answer 47

myelosuppression nephrotoxicity

Question 48

side effects of integrase inhibitors

Answer 48

'tegra' rise in CK weight gain

Question 49

side effects of protease inhibitors

Answer 49

'navir' hyperglycaemia GI intolerence