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PEM Lectures dirigées > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dose of octreotide for upper GI bleeding?

A

initial IV loading dose of 1 to 2 µg/kg, followed by a 1 to 2 µg/kg/hr continuous IV infusion

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2
Q

What classes of medications are used to treat ulcerative colitis?

A

5-ASA (5-acetylsalicylic acid)
prednisone
azathioprine
infliximab (anti-TNF a)
surgical resection

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3
Q

Methods for clearing blocked gtube

A

*warm water
Pancreatic enzymes + bicarbonate
High pressure saline
Carbonated beverage
Repositioning
Removal + replacement

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4
Q

Risk factors for perforation during reduction of an intussusception

A

<3 minor >5 yrs
Longer duration of symptoms (esp >48h)
Hematochezia
Significant dehydration
Evidence of small bowel obstruction on X-ray
High fever
Leukocytosis
Systemically toxic

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5
Q

Ddx lower GI bleeding in neonate

A

swallowed maternal blood
infectious colitis
allergic colitis
hemorrhagic disease (vit K def)
Duplication of bowel
Meckel diverticulum
Volvulus
Hirschprung
NEC
Intussusception
CHF

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6
Q

What is Peutz-jeghers?

A

polypes hamartomateux intestinaux et freckling des lèvres, bouche, main, pied et OGE
augmentation du risque de néoplasie intestinale, maladie héréditaire (50% de transmission)

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7
Q

Systemic signs/symptoms of Crohn’s

A

Growth failure/failure to thrive (decrased height velocity)
Primary or secondary amenorrhea
Pubertal delay

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8
Q

Extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s

A

Oral aphthous ulcers
Peripheral arthritis
Erythema nodosum
Digital clubbing
Episcleritis
Uveitis
Iritis
Renal stones
Gallstones
Pancreatitis
Anemia - iron deficiency or chronic disease

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9
Q

Removal or dysfunction of what part of the bowel can cause B12 malabsorption?

A

Terminal ileum

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10
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease is most commonly associated with:
1. Erythema nodosum
2. Pyoderma Gangrenosum

A
  1. Crohn’s
  2. UC
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11
Q

Which inflammatory bowel disease is most associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis?

A

UC

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12
Q

Pre-hepatic
Hepatic
Post-hepatic
Causes of portal hypertension

A

Pre-hepatic - portal vein thrombosis, splenic vein obstruction
Hepatic- cirrhosis (eg. BA, alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency, cystic fibrosis)
Post-hepatic - Hepatic vein thrombosis or tumour

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13
Q

Most common cause of pre-hepatic portal hypertension in children

A

portal vein thrombosis from omphalitis

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14
Q

Parasitic disease that can cause portal hypertension

A

schistosomiasis

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15
Q

Signs + symptoms of portal hypertension

A

ascites
GI bleeding
Varices
Splenomegaly

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16
Q

Systemic effects of portal hypertension

A

GI hemorrhage
Congestive or hemorrhagic gastritis
Increased cardiac output
Hypervolemia
decreaed systemic vascular resistance
hypotension
Thrombocytopenia
Leukopenia
Anemia
Hepatopulmonary stndrome
portopulmonary hypertension
hepatorenal syndrome

17
Q

What is hepatopulmonary syndrome

A

increase in levels of vasoactive agents - pulmonary vasodilatation - ventilation-perfusion mismatch

18
Q

Causes of neonatal conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

A
  • Biliary atresia
  • TORCH infection
  • Alagille syndrome
  • Choledochal cyst
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Metabolic disorder
  • HSV
  • Neonatal hemochromatosis
  • Tyrosinemia
  • Urea cycle defect
19
Q

Features on history/physical that are more specific for hirschprungs than functional constipation

A

onset at birth
enemas necessary
no abdominal pain
+ abdominal distension
episodes of intestinal obstruction
no encopresis
rectal examination - rectum empty

20
Q

Risk factors for pyloric stenosis

A

White
Male
(esp firstborn male)
affected first-degree relative
genetic syndromes - Cornelia de Lange, Smith-Lemli-Opitz, Apert, Zellweger, Trisomy 18
Neonatal exposure to erythromycin (enteral)

21
Q
A
22
Q

What are the possible infectious causes of acute pancreatitis?

A

mumps
coxsackievirus B infection
hemolytic Streptococcus infection
Salmonella infection
hepatitis Aand B

23
Q

What drugs can cause pancreatitis?

A

steroids
chlorothiazides
azathioprine
alcohol
valproic acid
tetracyclines
oral contraceptives

24
Q

What drugs can cause pancreatitis?

A

steroids
chlorothiazides
azathioprine
alcohol
valproic acid
tetracyclines
oral contraceptives

25
Q

What is are the endocrine + metabolic causes of pancreatitis?

A

Hyper-PTH
Hypercholesterolemia
Cystic fibrosis
Vitamin A + D deficiency

26
Q

What are possible severe complications of pancreatitis?

A

pleural effusion
abscess/superinfection
hypocalcemia
ARDS

PEM Lectures dirigées (28 decks)

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