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BPT Written > Gerontology > Flashcards

Gerontology Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment with which drug class has been assoc. w. a reduced incidence of dementia?

A

Anti-hypertensives (spec. Indapamide/ enalapril)

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2
Q

Which anti-psychotic is the best choice/ least harmful choice in demented elderly with severe behavioural problems?

A

Risperidone short term to 12 weeks (2006 systems review; it improves agitation and aggression therefore PBS listed for BPSD. haloperidol has effects on aggression but not agitation; olanzapine does not improve either)

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3
Q

What helps with prophylaxis of delirium?

A

PRN oxycodone for pain (NOT haloperidol, NOT melatonin- doesn’t help w. post-op delerium; NOT dexmedetomidine). Least worst opiate to use for pain relief re. delirium is Oxycodone

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4
Q

What changes to dopamine/acetylcholine do you get in delirium

A

Increased dopamine and decreased ACh

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5
Q

Oral antibiotic prophylaxis prescribed for prevention of recurrent UTI in older adult MEN is assoc. w. :

A

Decreased risk of future UTI assoc. hospitalisation in men

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6
Q

What is not an early indicator of frailty and what are 3 early indicators of frailty?

A

NOT: weight loss; ARE: slowed walking speed, weakness, reduced physical activity

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7
Q

Barthel Index assesses

A

ADLs

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8
Q

Vaccine in oldies that best reduces mortality

A

Influenza

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9
Q

Order of meds to cease in Parkinson’s if psychotic symptoms

A

Anticholinergics (selegiline, amantadine)
Dopamine agonists
Levodopa

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10
Q

NH resident risk of falling per year

A

50%

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11
Q

Community >65yo risk of falling per year

A

30%

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12
Q

Community >80yo risk of falling/year

A

50%

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13
Q

Top 5 med classes contributing to falls

A 
Anti-depressants
Anti-psych
Benzos
Sedatives
Anti-HTN
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14
Q

What timed up and go = higher falls risk

A

> 13s

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15
Q

BEST intervention to prevent falls in community

A

Exercise

Vit D supplement only if deplete

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16
Q

Vision interventions to reduce falls

A

Cataract

Single lens glasses reduce outdoor falls

17
Q

Falls interventions in NH residents

A

?Vit D supplementation

Otherwise nothing

18
Q

Define frailty phenotype

A

3/5 of: weight loss >5%, ezhaustion, weakness, slow walking speed, reduced physical activity

19
Q

1 RF for dementia

A

Age

20
Q

3 variants of FTD

A

Progressive non-fluent aphasia
Semantic dementia
Behavioural variant

21
Q

Pathological hallmarks of AD

A

Extracellular amyloid plaques, intracellular NFTs of tau

22
Q

Pathological hallmark of FTD

A

Tau accumulation

23
Q

Pathological hallmark of DLB

A

Alpha-synuclein

24
Q

3 alpha-synucleinopathies

A

MSA, PD, LBD

25
Q

Tauopathies

A

FTD, PSP, FTD, CTE (chronic traumatic encephalop), PART (primary age related tauopathy)
AD is secondary tau

26
Q

MOA memantine

A

Low affinity NMDA antag, inhibit excitatory neurotoxicity

MMSE 10-14

27
Q

Dementia that best responds to donepezil

A

LBD

28
Q

Donepezil AEs

A

Bradycardia, longQT, lowers seizure threshold, GI AEs, urinary frequency

29
Q

Major genetic risk for AD

A

ApoE4

30
Q

Define polypharm

A

5+ meds

31
Q

Most common delirium type

A

Mixed

32
Q

Delirium type with worst prognosis

A

Hypoactive

33
Q

% falls in hosp assoc w/ delirium

A

75-90%

34
Q

1 RF for delirium

A

Cog impairment

35
Q

Restraints and malnutirion increase risk of delirium by…

A

4x

36
Q

Top 6 RFs delirium in >70yos

A 
Cog impair
Reduced sleep
Immobility
Visual impairment
Hearing impairment
Dehydration
37
Q

Relationship between opioids and delirium post-op

A

Lower dose = more pain = more delirium

38
Q

Sarcopaenia due to relative loss of:

A

Type 2 muscle fibres (fast twitch)

BPT Written (21 decks)

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