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BPT Written > Cardiology > Flashcards

Cardiology Flashcards

1
Q

Additional percentage of AF found with 30 day monitor post CVA

A

10-15%

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2
Q

Strongest RF for stroke in non-valvular AF

A

Age (>75 = 5x risk)

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3
Q

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death in > 40 years old

A

IHD 90% in those >35-40years, second is HCM

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4
Q

Mutation leading to Brugada syndrome

A

SCN5A

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5
Q

ECG findings in Brudaga

A

Coved STe V1-3

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6
Q

What are the triggers for cardiac arrest in the different LQTS subtypes?

A 
LQTS1 = Exercise
LQTS2 = Emotion
LQTS3 = Sleep (sudden waking)
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7
Q

When is intervention warranted for HCM?

A

Class III-IV heart failure OR syncope and LVOT gradient > 50mmHg

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8
Q

What is Bernoulli’s equation?

A

p=4v^2

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9
Q

What classifies as severe mitral stenosis?

A

Valve area < 1cm^2
MG > 10mmHg
PASP > 50mmHg

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10
Q

Indication for valve intervention in mitral stenosis? What is the preferred intervention?

A

Symptoms and mod-severe
Asymptomatic and mod-severe and high risk (new AF, PASP > 50, ?before pregnancy). Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty preferred if suitable valve, otherwise surgical.

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11
Q

When to intervene for primary MR?

A

Severe MR with symptoms and EF > 30%

Asymptomatic and EF < 60% or LVESD > 40/45mm

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12
Q

What are criteria for severe AS?

A

Valve area < 1cm^2
MG > 40mmHg
Peak velocity > 4m/s

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13
Q

Indications for valve repair in AS?

A

Symptoms and severe

Asymptomatic and LVEF < 50%

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14
Q

What are indications for valve repair in aortic regurgitation?

A

Symptoms and severe

Asymptomatic and LVEF < 50% or LVESD > 50mm or LVEDD > 65mm

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15
Q

What is pulsus paradoxus?

A

Fall in BP > 10mmHg with inspiration

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16
Q

What are causes of pulsus paradoxus?

A

Cardiac tamponade, constrictive pericarditis, severe COPD, asthma, tension PTX, PE, large bilateral pleural effusions

17
Q

What medication has the biggest mortality benefit in HFrEF?

A

Beta blockers

18
Q

What is the best beta blocker for HFrEF

A

Carvedilol

19
Q

How do PCSK9 inhibitors work?

A

Inhibit PCSK9, which normally degrades LDL receptors once bound by LDL. So allows LDL receptors to be recycled and mop up more LDL.

20
Q

How does ezetimibe work?

A

Inhibits small intestine cholesterol absorption (Niemann Pick C1 Like protein NPC1L1)

21
Q

What is inclisiran?

A

siRNA to PCSK9

22
Q

What is FFR cut-off for intervention?

A

FFR < 0.75
FFR 0.75-0.8 debatable
FFR > 0.8 not bad

23
Q

When is CABG preferred?

A

Any proximal LAD/LM disease

Triple vessel disease

24
Q

How do you grade coronary blood flow?

A

TIMI: Grade 0 = no perfusion, 1 = penetration without perfusion, 2 = partial perfusion, 3 = complete perfusion

25
Q

What is different between BMS and DES?

A

DES have improved efficacy with reduced in stent restenosis. No difference in stent thrombosis.

26
Q

What is the best second antiplatelet agent in ACS?

A

Prasugrel and ticagrelor superior to clopidogrel in ACS but with increased risk of bleeding (so avoid in age > 75, weight < 60kg, renal dysfunction, CVA)

27
Q

beta blocker MOA for stable angina

A

Reduce myocardial O2 demand NOT increase coronary blood flow

28
Q

Most common origin of idiopathic VT in absence of structural heart disease?

A

RVOT

29
Q

commonest viral cause of myocarditis in developed world

A

enterovirus

30
Q

Non-selective beta blocker with alpha blocker activity

A

carvedilol

31
Q

What is the best test for establishing a diagnosis of Strep pharyngitis in Aboriginal patients?

A

Streptococcal Ab titres- ASOT, Anti-DNase B

32
Q

In what time frame must you start rx to prevent acute rheumatic fever in strep pharyngitis?

A

within 9 days of sx onset

33
Q

What can BNP levels predict?

A

all cause mortality, inc. sudden death

34
Q

What cohort of pts with a non-ischaemic/dilated CM would benefit from ICD for secondary prevention?

A

Age <60

35
Q

By what % do PCSK9-I reduce LDL levels in those already on statin therapy?

A

50-60%

36
Q

What outcome do PCSK9-Is have on recurrence of MI in patients post ACS

A

reduce recurrence of MI

37
Q

Where is BNP released from?

A

Ventricles

38
Q

Where is ANP released from?

A

Atria

BPT Written (21 decks)

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