Germany Study Guide Flashcards
1
Q
The percentage of total German wines vinified dry shot up from 16-46% between what years?
A
1985-2015
2
Q
Who brought Vitis vinifera vines to Germany?
A
The Romans
3
Q
Which monastic order introduced Riesling and Pinot Noir to Germany?
A
The Cistercians
4
Q
At the end of the 1800s, German wine was fetching higher prices than wines from what famous French region? What were the wines of the Middle Rhein region known as at that time that expanded to become a generic term for German wine?
A
Bordeaux
Hock
5
Q
What events led to a spurred interest in viticultural science and the development of hardy new varieties, many of which were created for the purpose of boosted quantity and had a large impact on developing the image of Germany as a lower quality wine producing country in the mid 1900s? What is the major one of these crossing varietals?
A
The arrival of phylloxera and the annual struggle with the cooler climate
Müller-Thurgau
6
Q
How did Nazi Germany majorly impact the German Wine Industry during and following WWII?
A
The Nazis drove out the Jews, who account for 60-70% of the wine merchant trade, and ended the wine auctions that had long ben a primary sales mechanism for quality wines.
As the tide turned against Germany, workers died and vineyards sustained bombing raids.
At the end of WWII, international boycotts commenced, the country cleaved in two, and the German vineyard had shrunk to fewer than 50,000 ha of vines.
7
Q
What was the major style of German wine during the 1950s?
A
Sweet and cheap
8
Q
What was the most widely recognized wine brand in Germany following WWII?
A
Liebfraumilch
9
Q
What was the Flurbereinigung?
A
“Land Consolidation” refers to the land reformation in west Germany following WWII
Involved the consolidation of parcels of land previously divided by successive generations of inheritance and the physically reconstruction of the vineyards which included the destruction of ancient terraces that were previously vital for wine growing in the steep vineyards making way for mechanization.
10
Q
What is the 1971 German Wine Law called? What did it attempt to impose?
A
Deutsches Weingesetz
attempted to impose new standards of quality and simplify label language
11
Q
What three label terms were banned with the passing of the 1971 German Wine Law that caused producers to lose an informal means of classifying the Spätlesen and Auslesen wines of the Mosel and Rheingau? What creative solution did producers in the Mosel and Rheingau devise to indicate reserve wines that were previously designated by these three lost terms?
A
feine
feinste
hochfeine
Producers began bottling wines with a Goldkapsule to indicate a higher level of sweetness and distinction beyond a wine’s labeled Prädikat.
In some cases, an even longer golden capsule (lange Goldkapsule) indicated an even rarer and more special selection.
12
Q
What does a Goldkapsule indicate on a bottle of German wine? How can its use indicate the level of Botrytis or lack thereof?
A
Indicates a higher level of sweetness and distinction beyond a wine’s labeled Prädikat.
Can be used for example on a wine of Beerenauslese wine that lacks signs of Botrytis for Beerenauslese and instead shows more varietal characteristics which is more common in Auslese wines.
Overall the Goldkapsule is a creative unofficial way of indicating that the wine is exceptional for its character and a longer capsule known as a lange goldkapsule may be used to indicate further refinement and higher quality.
13
Q
In addition to the Goldkapsule what other creative code did producers in the Mosel come up with to indicate reserve bottlings among several of their wines bottled within the same prädikat?
A
The use of stars on the label (, **, or **)
14
Q
At the dawn of the 20th century, what style were most German wines fermented in? What winemaking advancements led to a surge in the number of sweet wines produced in Germany by the 1950s? What happens in regards to label terminology that made it difficult to distinguish wines of high quality from wines of lower quality?
A
Most wines were fermented dry
New technologies such as sterile filtration allowed the production of sweet wines with ease
Label terms that were previously reserved for specialized wines became commonplace.
15
Q
How did the German Wine Law of 1971 restructure legislation so that sweet wines of high quality could be distinguished from sweet wines of low quality?
A
Modified the requirements for legally recognized Prädikat shifting the obligation from sugar remaining to sugar occurring naturally in the grape.
16
Q
Prior to the German Wine Law of 1971 what did a bottle labeled “Natur” indicate?
A
The wine should be completely natural, i.e., free of all additives, including Süssreserve and sulfur and also indicated that the wine did not undergo chaptalization.
17
Q
What did the German Wine Law of 1971 result in regarding the number of the country’s Einzellagen (individual vineyard sites)?
A
Compacted the number of vineyards from 30,000 to around 2,700 hundred.
18
Q
According to the German Wine Law of 1971, what is the min size in ha that a vineyard was allowed to be? Why is this considered a huge drawback for the industry?
A
min 5ha
It expanded some vineyards to include vineyards of lesser quality while eliminating others entirely
19
Q
What is the larger catch-all term regarding the collection of certain vineyards that was established following the passing of the German Wine Law of 1971? What did this fail to do regarding label transparency?
A
Grosslagen
Failed to provide terminology indicating that the wine was bottled from a Grosslagen rather than a more site-specific einzellagen (single vineyard)
20
Q
What terminology was established as a result of the German Wine Law of 1971 to indicate a region of production that was equivalent to French AOCs or Italian DOCs?
A
Anbaugebiet (literally, “quality wine from a growing region”)
21
Q
What three tiers of wine quality were established following the establishment of the German Wine Law of 1971? In which tier was chaptalization forbidden?
A
Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet
Qualitätswein mit Prädikat (QmP) a subset of Qualitätswein bestimmter Anbaugebiet indicating quality wines with a special attribute (minimum level of must weight), which allowed Germany to retain some of its traditional terms-Spätlese, Auslese, and so on. Chaptalization was forbidden under this tier of quality.
Tafelwein (table wine)
22
Q
What permitted practice in German winemaking following the German Wine Law of 1971 made it difficult to discern sweetness in wines despite the use of Prädikat terminology?
A
The addition of süssreserve, or sterilized fresh grape must for wines of any category, at up to 15% of the total volume of the wine.
23
Q
Süssreseve could be added at an amount of what % to the total volume of bottled wine across all quality levels in Germany following the German Wine Law of 1971? What did this practice effectively make it difficult to discern despite a wine being labeled by different prädikat?
A
Up to 15% of the total volume.
Made it difficult to discern the level of residual sugar in the wine
24
Q
What does A.P. stand for in regards to an AP Number on a bottle of German wine?
A
Amtliche Prüfungsnummer
25
The Amtliche Prüfungsnummer concept was created with the establishment of the German Wine Law of 1971. It is composed of 5 sets of numbers. What do these numbers indicate from left to right?
(1) the location of the examination board
(2) the village in which the wine was produced
(3) the producer
(4) the unique number of the bottling
(5) the year in which the wine was tested, which is typically one calendar year after the vintage.
26
Which tiers of quality according to the German Wine Law of 1971 must carry an A.P. number? What percentage of wine in Germany meet the requirements for these two levels?
Qualitätswein and Prädikatswein
96% of German wine meet these requirements
27
What are the three levels of German wine quality from highest to lowest according to German Wine Law today? Which are PDO in level and which are IGP in level according to the EU?
Qualitätswein and Pradikätswein (PDO)
Landwein (IGP)
Deutscher Wein
28
Non VDP German wines may be labeled "Classic" or "Selection". What are the requirements regarding source, max RS, and min abv for both?
Classic: "Harmoniously Dry"
single varietal wines and omit any mention of a vineyard on the label.
max RS of 15g/L
min alcohol content of 12%
Selection: "Superior Dry"
Single varietal wines from single vineyard
max RS 9g/L (12g/L for Riesling)
min alcohol
max yields are 60hl/ha
must weight for Selection must be equivalent to Auslese
Vineyards are hand harvested
Wines may not be released until September 1 of the year following harvest
29
When did Eiswein become an independent Prädikat?
1982
30
When was the category Landwein introduced?
1982
31
What are 3 vineyards that escaped the minimum 5ha mandate for single vineyards? What are their Angbaugebiete?
```
Forster Kirchenstück (Pfalz)
Forster Freundstuck (pfaltz)
Bernkasterl Doctor (Mosel)
Erdener pralat (mosel)
Schloss Vollrads (Rheingau)
```
32
What terms were create in 2000 to replace trocken and halbtrocken respectively?
"Classic" and "Selection"
33
Erstes Gewächs is a formal term used on the labels of what style of wines from what Anbaugebiete?
Dry styles of wine from specific sites in the Rheingau.
| no longer sinve 2019
34
Though "Selection" was created to replace halbtocken, what term is most commonly used in lieu of the old term?
feinherb
35
What are the 13 Anbaugebiete of Germany? What level of quality are they the equivalent under the EU?
```
Ahr
Baden
Franken
Hessische-Bergstrasse
Mittelrhein
Mosel
Nahe
Pfalz
Rheingau
Rheinhessen
Saale-Unstrut
Sachsen
Württemberg
```
Equivalent to PDO
36
In German, what is a protected designation of origin known as?
geschütze Ursprungsbezeichnung (gU)
37
What is the scale used to determine the must weight of harvest grapes in Germany?
Öchsle
38
What are the Öchsle ranges for all levels of Prädikat for Prädikatswein? Are these universal for all Anbaugebiete?
```
Kabinett (70-85)
Spätlese (76-95)
Auslese (83-105)
Beerenauslese (110-128)
Eiswein (110-128)
Trockenbeerenauslese (150-154)
```
These are the standard and not universal for all Anbaugebiete.
39
What is the min Öchsle level for Spätlese in the Pfalz?
90
40
What is permitted on a wine label of wine classified as Wein (formerly Tafelwein)? What is forbidden?
Variety and Vintage can be on the label
no geographic designation other than Deutscher Wein may be on the label
41
What is Landwein the equivalent to in the EU? What may be listed on a bottle of this?
Equivalent to IGP
May be listed with 1 of any of the 26 approved Landweingebiete and may list halbtrocken or trocken
42
What is the minimum alcohol % that a bottle of Qualitätswein must achieve? Why is it lower than the EU mandate?
min 7% rather than the 8.5% mandated by European law
Lower because of low alcohol levels classically achieved in some of Germany's finest sweet wines.
43
What is the min alcohol % for Prädikatswein?
min 7% for Prädikate until Beerenauslese then it is reduced to min 5.5% the rest of the way.
44
What does VDP stand for? What is it and what are the producers in this dedicated to? (3) What does membership require?
Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter
An association of 195 German producers dedicated to:
(1) high quality
(2) the preservation of a sense of place
(3) grape varieties traditionally cultivated within each wine growing region.
Membership requires:
(1) commitment to the VDP's classification system
(2) observance of higher must weights and lower maximum yields than permitted by German law
(3) All wines must be estate-grown
(4) Hand-harvesting is required for all single vineyard wines and for any Prädikat wines of Auslese level or above
45
VDP producers must hand harvest for what wines?
Single vineyard wines and for any Prädikat wines of Auslese level or above
46
What % of a VDP producer's holdings must be planted to traditional varietals? Why is this?
min 80% planted to traditional varietals
Through exclusion of non-traditional, high-yielding crossings quality is elevated
47
Which is permitted to on a VDP bottle of wine, the name of a Grosslagen or the name of a Grosse Lage?
Grosse Lage
Grosslagen is forbidden
48
What is the name of the VDP logo? What does it consist of? Where is it located?
Traubendadler
An eagle with a grape cluster superimposed
Located on bottle capsules of VDP wine
49
When was the VDP founded? What was its original name?
1910 as the VDNV or Verband Deutscher Naturweinversteigerer
50
What are the 4 quality tiers for VDP wines starting from the 2011 vintage forward? What French wine region does this emulate?
Grosse Lage (grand cru)
Erste Lage (premier cru)
Ortswein (village)
Gutsein (regional)
51
What is the only statement of origin provided for Gutswein? What often accompanies this?
the name of the Anbaugebiet often accompanied by a fantasy name
52
What are the sources for Ortswein VDP wine? What two designations are often on the label either together or alone?
Sourced from multiple vineyards in a single village.
Wines are labeled by village name and/or a statement of soil, such as:
Kalkstein (limestone)
Blauen Schiefer (blue slate)
Buntsandstein (red sandstone)
53
Erste Lage and Grosse Lage are sourced from what vineyards? How are they labeled differently?
Both are sourced from single vineyards
Erste Lage (1er Cru) is often labeled with the vineyard preceded by the village (Ürziger Würtzgarten for example)
Grosse Lage are labeled solely with the vineyard name, in true grand cru fashion
54
If a VDP wine and a wine produced under the laws of the German Wine Institute are bottled from the same vineyard, which is likely to be from a smaller delimited area?
VDP
55
If one is unfamiliar with which designations are Erste Lage and which are Grosse Lage, how could they determine if a bottle is one or the other?
The term is often listed next to the VDP logo on the capsule except for the lower Ortswein and Gutswein
56
If a bottle of VDP wine lists a Prädikat is it allowed to be dry?
No, it must be off-dry or sweet in style. The labels will never read Spätlese trocken, Auslese trocken, etc. If they do, they're counterfeit
57
For what tiers of VDP quality may the term trocken be listed on the label? What term is used to indicate a dry Grosse Lage (grand cru)? What does it translate to?
For wines of Erste Lage or below absent a prädikat on the label
Grosses Gewächs for Grosse Lage
Translates to "Great Growth"
58
What prädikat must a Grosses Gewächs wine be equivalent to or above in ripeness?
What acronym will be present not the VDP label of Grosses Gewächs wines to indicate that they are made in that style?
Spätlese
"GG"
59
What are the aging requirements for the following:
Grosses Gewächs (white and red)
Grosse Lage with mention of Prädikat
GG white: not released until 9/1 of the year after harvest
GG red: 2 years of aging with at least 12 months in wood
Grosse Lage with Prädikat: not released until May 1 of the year after harvest
60
VDP wines are the equivalent of what tier of quality in the eyes of German Wine law? For this reason, what practice is legally allowed and often practiced for Spätburgunder?
Qualitätswein
Chaptalization is legal under German Law though the VDP frowns upon it
61
What are the max yields for each tier of VDP wine?
Grosse Lage: 50hl/ha
Erste Lage: 60hl/ha
Ortswein and Gutswein: 75hl/ha
62
In which three Anbaugebiete does the category Erste Lage not exist?
Mosel
Ahr
Rheinhessen
63
Some VDP estates with long histories of marketing alternative terms, still use their own label language in place of Grosse Lage and Erste Lage. Bürklin-Wolf continues to label its top single-vineyard wines as what? Schloss Johannisberg continues to label their "Silberback" Grosses Lage Riesling as what?
"GC" and "PC" (Bürklin-Wolf)
Trocken (Schloss Johannisberg)
64
Which producer left the VDP in 2014 when it was forbidden for them to retain its traditional Prädikat declarations on dry wines? Where are they located?
Koehler-Ruprecht
Pfalz
65
In the Mosel Grosse Lage Kabinett wines may be produced from what max yields instead of the standard 50hl/ha? Why is this tolerated but the VDP?
60-70hl/ha
Tolerated because the higher yields are more suitable for that style of wine.
66
Higher or lower yields are best for dry Riesling wines? Sweet wines? Why for both?
Lower yields are best for dry yields as the increased concentration they produce are necessary for great dry wines.
Higher yields are better for sweeter wines as they gain concentration from residual sugar
67
Why is pre fermentation cold skin contact common for Riesling in Germany?
It extracts phenolic content and naturally raises the pH of the wines.
68
German producers are divided in regards to whether to use ambient strains of yeast or cultured inoculations. What type of flavors are derived from the use of each?
Ambient:
wider array of earthy, sulfide-driven flavors
Inoculated:
fruit-forwardness and cleaner flavors
69
What are three large oak containers that are commonly used for fermentation and aging Riesling in Germany? What are the volumes associated with each?
Stück (1,200L oval cask)
Doppelstück (2,400L)
Halbstück (600L)
70
Müller-Thurgau was created by the crossing of what two grapes? What famous wine did this play a major role in regarding production?
Riesling and Madeleine Royale
Liebfraumilch
71
How does Müller-Thurgau compare to Riesling in regards to expression?
less acidic and less aromatic compared to Riesling
72
What is the most planted grape in Germany? 2nd most?
Riesling (most)
| Müller-Thurgau (2nd most)
73
What are the top three producing areas for Spätburgunder in Germany in decreasing order? Where did it first appear?
Baden (first appeared here)
Pfalz
Rheinhessen
74
What is the rare specialty grape of Germany that is genetically identical to Pinot Noir? How is it different and how are its wines different?
Frühburgunder
Thicker skinned than Pinot Noir and ripens about two weeks earlier.
Wines are darker in color and fruit expression with lower acidity
75
What is Frühburgunder known as in France?
Pinot Noir Précoce or Pinot Madeleine
76
What is Germany's second-most planted red variety?
Dornfelder
77
Dornfelder was created by what crossing in 1956?
Helfensteiner and Heroldrebe
78
What is Pinot Gris called in Germany?
Grauburgunder
79
What are the top two Pinot Gris producing countries in the world?
Italy
| Germany
80
If Grauburgunder is produced botrytized or sweet in Germany how is it labeled?
Ruländer
81
What former grape used to be the most planted variety in Germany until 1969 and now makes up a total of about 5% of total vineyard area in Germany?
Silvaner
82
What crossing produced Silvaner?
Traminer and Österreichisch-Weiss ("Austrian White")
83
What Anbaugebiete is home to the best Silvaner? Where did the grape originate?
Franken
| Originated in Austria
84
How does Silvaner compare to Riesling in regards to expression and ripening?
lower in acid, less aromatic, less fruit driven, and prone to higher levels of alcohol
Silvaner ripens earlier than Riesling
85
What is Pinot Blanc called in Germany?
Weissburgunder
86
Which country is the leading grower of Pinot Blanc in the world?
Germany
87
What two Anbaugebiete have the most plantings of Weissburgunder?
Baden and Pfalz
88
What white grape has emerged as Germany's textural grape?
Weissburgunder
89
What anbaugebeite has the highest plantings of Lemberger? What is this grape called in Austria?
Wurttemberg
Blaufränkisch
90
Scheurebe is a crossing of what two grapes? Is it produced dry or sweet? What grape is it often compared to due to its high thiol content?
Riesling and Bukettrebe
Produced as both dry and sweet
Often compared to Sauvignon Blanc
91
What two Anbaugebiete have the most success with Schreuebe?
Rheinhessen and Pfalz
92
What is Chardonnay most commonly used for in Germany?
The production of Sekt
93
What are Pinot Meunier and Schiava called in Germany respectively?
Schwarzriesling and Trollinger
94
Where was the first bottle of sparkling wine made in Germany? When?
Württemberg in 1785
95
What are three of the largest sparkling wine companies (sekt) in Germany? What sparkling wine method is most commonly used for the massed produced Sekt?
Henkell
Rotkäppchen
Söhnlein-Brillant
Tank method is most commonly used for the mass produced Sekt and traditional is used for the higher quality examples
96
What is the name of Germany's first winery that was designed to focus exclusively on sparkling wine production? Where is this?
Volker Raumland (Rheinhessen)
97
Is lees contact common for the production of Sekt using Riesling? Why?
No, because the lees aromas would overwhelm the aromatic Riesling character
98
What former cellar master at Bollinger is making exceptional Sekt? What is the name of the winery?
Matthieu Kaufmann
Reichsrat von Buhl
99
What varieties are used for premium Sekt?
Riesling, Pinot Noir, Pinot Blanc, Scheurebe and Gewürztraminer
100
Most Sekt is made at what sweetness level?
Brut but Brut Nature styles do exist
101
What is the Rhône River called in Germany?
Rhein
102
What is the major city located next to the Rheingau?
Weisbaden
103
The vineyards of the Rheingau are on a steep south-facing slope between what altitudes?
75-300m
104
The central Rheingau is said to have the region's best vineyards. Between what two towns is it located?
Rüdesheim in the west and Weisbaden in the east
105
Geisenheim, home to Germany's top enological school and grape-breeding institute is just west of what village in the Rheingau?
Johannisberg
106
What are the soil compositions of the Rheingau?
mixture of slate, quartzite, and sandstone, with layer of loess and clay on the lower slopes and stonier, more eroded soils on the upper slopes, with a higher proportion of slate
107
What village has the steepest slopes in the Rheingau? What Grosse Lage site is the steepest?
Rüdesheim
Berg Schlossberg
108
What are the three areas of the Rheingau called?
Western Rheingau from Assmannshausen northward to Lorchhausen
The Central Rheingau from Rüdesheim to Weisbaden
The Maingau which is a cluster of vineyards east of Weisbaden around the town of Hochheim am Main around the Main tributary.
109
How does the climate and soil type of the Western Rheingau and the Maingau differ from the Central Rheingau respectively?
The Western Rheingau is cooler with more pure slate
The Maingau is warmer and has loess-covered loans and marls replacing the sandstone and slate.
110
What is the Bereiche of the Rheingau?
Johannisberg
111
What do the words Schloss and Kloster mean respectively?
Castle (Schloss)
Abbey (Kloster)
112
Which sect of monks founded the Kloster at Johannisberg and the Kloster Eberbach respectively?
Benedictines (Johannisberg)
Cistercians (Kloster Eberbach)
113
When did "Cabinet" first appear in the Rheingau? Spätlese? Who introduced these?
1712 Cabinett (Kabinett) by the Cistercians and Kloster Eberbach
1775 Spätlese by the Benedictines at Schloss Johannisberg
114
Which two producers in the Rheingau were among the first two introduce glass wine bottles to Germay in the early 1700s?
Schloss Schönborn and Schloss Johannisberg
115
What is the largest single wine producer in Germany? What famous Abbey and vineyard do they own?
Hessen State Winery
Kloster Eberbach and its famous Steinberg vineyard
116
What are 5 top producers in the Rheingau?
```
Robert Weil
Josef Leitz
Peter Jakob Kühn
Eva Fricke
Künstler
```
117
Where are the best botrytis vineyards in the Rheingau? Why is this?
Near the river
The moderating impact of the Rhine on local temperatures allows Riesling to hang on the vine into the early autumn for the late harvest necessary for Prädikatswein.
118
What style of Riesling is the most-produced in the Rheingau? Dry or sweet? 80% of Rheingau Riesling has a RS of what?
Dry
9g/L or less
119
When was the Charta Association founded in the Rheingau? What did this organization focus on, dry or sweet wines?
1984
Dry
120
What were the three objectives that the Charta Association seemed to achieve?
(1) promote more stringent quality guidelines than the 1971 German Wine Law
(2) to beter define the Rheingau's great vineyard sites
(3) to elevate dry Riesling to its historical role as a top product of the region prior to WWII
121
What is the Charta logo?
Three Roman Arches styled from the balcony of the historic Graue Haus in Winkel.
122
Which producer of which estate led the charge for Charta? What village in the Rheingau?
Bernard Breuer of Georg Breuer estate in Rüdesheim
123
What label terminology is used by Charta members to designate top dry wines from the Rheingau? When was this term legally accepted moving forward? Which two grapes may this designation be used for?
Erstes Gewächs ("first growth")
1999 vintage moving forward.
Used for dry Riesling and Spätburgunder
124
Why is the "Erstes Gewächs" designation seen as less predictable in regards to quality compared to the VDP's Grosses Gewächs designation?
Because Erstes Gewächs allows for all who have a share of land in a high quality vineyard that wasn't necessarily apart of the vineyard prior to the expansion of its boundaries in 1971
125
What are the two monopoles of ecclesiastical origin in the Rheingau?
```
Schloss Johannisberg
Hattenheimer Steinberg (Kloster Eberbach)
```
126
What is the name of Kloster Eberbach's star monopole vineyard?
Hattenheimer Steinberg
127
What is the name of Schloss Schönborn's monopole in the Rheingau?
Hattenheimer Pfaffenberg
128
What is the name of Robert Weil's top vineyard in Kiedrich in the Rheingau?
Kiedricher Gräffenberg
129
What are the two star Hölle vineyards in the Rheingau? What does hölle mean?
Hochheimer Hölle
Johannisberger Hölle
Hölle means "rocky hill"
130
What are the three great vineyards of Rüdesheim in the Rheingau?
Berg Schlossberg
Berg Roseneck
Berg Rottland
131
What is the top vineyard site for Spätburgunder at Assmannshausen? Who is the top producer?
Höllenberg
August Kessler
132
What are the two main tributaries to the Mosel River?
Saar and Ruwer
133
What is Europe's largest cultivating region of Riesling?
Pfalz
134
What is the name for the hills and mountains respectively that the Mosel River crosses between in the Mosel Region?
Hunsrück Hills and the Eifel Mountains
135
In what region is the earliest evidence of wine growing in Germany? What is the name of the town founded by the Romans as a provincial capitol here?
Mosel
Trier
136
What style of Riesling is the archetypal counter to Rheingau's powerful dry Rieslings?
The Mosel with it's lighter, low alcohol, sweeter wines
137
Prior to sterile filtration, how was rs preserved in Mosel Riesling thus creating the archetypal Kabinett style?
Heavy doses of sulfur
138
What is the signature Prädikat of the Mosel?
Kabinett
139
What is the system of vine training that Mosel is known for? Describe it. Is it widely used today?
The single-post system
Growers train vines upright without wires, employing either vertical cordon or two canes, wrapped in a characteristic heart-shaped bow
not widely used today.
140
What can excessive sun exposure lead to in Riesling?
TDN-based flavors (petrol)
141
What is the longest tributary of the Rhine River? Where do its headwaters come from?
Mosel River
Headwaters come from the Vosges Mountains
142
At what village does the Mosel River converge with the Rhein?
Koblenz
143
What are the 6 Bereiche of the Mosel? Which three are located on the river? Which three contain the Middle Mosel, Lower Mosel/Terrassenmosel, and the Upper Mosel?
```
Bernkastel (river) Middle Mosel
Burg Cochem (river) Lower Mosel/Terrassenmosel)
Obermosel (river) Upper Mosel
Ruwertal
Saar
Moseltor
```
144
What is another name for the Lower Mosel?
Terrassenmosel
145
Which Bereich is home to 2/3 of the Mosel's vineyards? What town is it named after?
Bernkastel (Middle Mosel)
named after Bernkastel-Kues (the town)
146
What is the average annual average temperature in the Mosel and how long is the growing season?
50F
100 days but some parts of the Mosel can see this extended by 40-50 days due to tweaks and climate amplifications in some areas.
147
What aspects do the best vineyards in the Mosel have and are known for producing the best wines? Where are they in relation to the river? Why here?
South and SW along the river
The river magnifies the sunlight and temperature
148
Where are some of the warmest vineyards in the Mosel?
Along the Mosel River at lower altitudes where the vineyards are protected by the prevailing winds. Also protected by the forest-capped hillsides
149
What major vineyard threat does the Mosel River protect the vines from? What signals the arrival of botrytis?
Frost
Autumn fogs signal the arrival of botrytis
150
What is the main soil type of the best vineyards in the Mosel? What does it contribute to vines grown on it?
Devonian slate both dark blue and red
releases heat stored throughout the day and also provides excellent drainage both of which accelerate ripening that would otherwise be delayed in the absence of this soil type.
151
Are there vines in the Mosel unaffected by Phylloxera? What kind of vineyards are found in pockets in the Mosel as a result?
Yes because the soil type here is inhospitable to the louse
As a result, centurion vines can be found in pockets on the slopes of the Mosel
152
How do the slate soils of the Mosel lead to wines with a higher minerality?
Nutrient poor and low nitrogen in the soil leads to higher pH in the wines that when combined with the sulfur-derived aromas and high acidity give wines with more of a mineral taste
153
The Middle Mosel (Bernkastel) is located between what two villages?
Trier (South) and Zell (North)
154
What are the major villages in the Middle Mosel (Bernkastel) from sw to ne (upstream to downstream)? LTPBBGWZUE
```
Leiwen
Trittenheim
Piesport
Brauneberg
Bernkastel-Kues
Graach
Whelen
Zeltingen
Ürzig
Erden
```
155
What are the 7 top vineyard sites in the Middle Mosel (Bernkastel)?
```
Bernkasteler Doctor
Piesporter Goldtröpfchen
Erdener Prälat
Graacher Himmelreich
Ürziger Würzgarten
Wehlener Sonnenuhr
Zeltingener Sonnenuhr
```
156
What is the name of the Grosslage (not grosse lage) in Piesport?
Piesporter Michelsberg
157
What are 5 top producers in the Mosel?
```
Joh. Jos. Prüm
Reinhold Haart
Reichsgraf von Kesselstatt
Dr. Loosen
Von Hövel
```
158
The Bereich of Burg Cochem is located between which two towns? What is the main town in Burg Cochem (Lower Mosel/Terrassenmosel)?
Zell and Koblenz
Winningen
159
What producer in Burg Cochem (Lower Mosel/Terrassenmosel) has applied for Germany's first 3 PDO single vineyard sites? What are they? What town are they located in?
Reinhard Heymann-Löwenstein
Blaufüsser Lay
Roth Lay
Laubach
All located in Uhlen
160
What Bereich of the Mosel is located on soils originating on the same Paris Basin as those of Chablis and Champagne? What is the main grape here? What country is located on the other side of the Mosel River from here?
Obermosel (Upper Mosel)
Elbing
Luxembourg is on the other side of the river here
161
How does Ruwertal compare to Bernkastel (Middle Mosel) in regards to slate and climate?
Similar slate soils but the climate is cooler
162
Where is (Maximin) Grünhaus located? Who owns this estate?
Ruwertal
Owned by the von Schubert family
163
What are two top producers located in the Ruwertal?
Karthäuserhof
| Grünhaus
164
Why are the vineyards of the Saar despite the more southerly location some of the coolest in the Mosel?
Because most of the vineyards do not lie along the river.
165
What are the top 4 vineyard sites in the Saar?
Saarburger Rausch
Kanzemer Hörecker
Kanzemer Altenberg
Scharzhofberg (Wiltingen)
166
Scharzhofberg is located in what Bereich of the Mosel? Which town?
Saar
| Wiltingen
167
Who is widely considered the top producer in the Saar? What is his best vineyard bottling?
Egon Müller
| Scharzhofberg
168
What is the soil type of the Moseltor that is a major departure from the rest of the Mosel?
limestone
169
What is Germany's biggest wine growing region and home to 1/4 of Germany's land under vine?
Rheinhessen
170
The Rheinhessen is bordered on all four sides by major wine growing regions, what are they?
Rheingau (North)
Pfalz (South)
Nahe (West)
Hessische-Bergstrasse (East)
171
What towns mark the northern and southern limits of the Rheinhessen respectively?
Mainz (north)
| Worms (south)
172
What is the natural border in the north of the Rheinhessen with the Rheingau?
Rhine River
173
What region is known for producing most of Germany's Liebfraumilch?
Rheinhessen
174
Why is there no general style regarding wines from the Rheinhessen?
there is a great diversity of mesoclimates, soils, and no single climatic feature such as a river's moderating influence, or the aspect of a slope
175
What does Liebfraumilch mean? Where is the Liebfrau monastery that likely gave this wine its name?
"Our Lady's Milk"
Worms
176
According to the 1971 Wine Law of Germany, which wine growing regions can legally produce Liebfraumilch?
Nahe
Pfalz
Rheingau
Rheinhaussen
177
What grapes must account for 70% of Liebfraumilch? What is the min RS for the wine? What is not allowed on the label?
min 70% Riesling, Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner, and Kerner
min 18g/L
varietal labelling is forbidden
178
What is the one area within the Rheinhessen that is historically associated with quality wine growing int the region? What does the name mean? How does it get its name?
the Roter Hang
means "red hill"
gets its name from the clay and weathered red sandstone (Rotliegendes)
179
What is the red sandstone of the Roter Hang in the Rheinhessen called?
Rotliegendes
180
What bank of the Rhein River is the Roter Hang located on? What towns is it located between? What larger area of mainly eastern exposures is it within? What villages is this area located between?
Left bank of the Rhein River
Located between Nierstein and Nackenheim
Within the larger area known as the Rheinterrasse located between Nierstein and Oppenheim.
181
What natural hazards are the vineyards of the Rotter Hang protected from?
Frost and winds
182
What are the two most famous vineyards in the Roter Hang of Rheinheissen?
Niersteiner Pettenthal
| Nackenheimer Rothenberg
183
What direction does the Roter Hang face?
East
184
The most expensive wine on the Titanic came from what wine growing area?
The Roter Hang in Rheinhessen
185
When was Liebfraumilch at its peak?
1970s
186
What are the top 4 producers in the Rheinhessen? In which Bereich are they both located? The soils here are made of what?
Keller
Wittmann
Kühling-Gillot
Gunderloch
the southern Bereich of Wonnegau
Soils are made of limestone and loess
187
What is the name of Keller's top Riesling bottling in the Rhienhessen? Where is it sourced from?
G-Max
Nobody knows where it is sourced from
188
What are the 3 Bereich of the Rheinhessen? Which is considered the best for wine here?
Nierstein
Wonnegau (considered the best)
Bingen
189
What is a top biodynamic producer in the Rheinhessen?
Kühling-Gillot
190
What is "Message in a Bottle"? Who are three members of this?
An organization devoted to dry styles of Riesling using spontaneous fermentation whose aim is to raise the region's potential and image, internally and internationally
Keller
Kühling-Gillot
Wittmann
191
Which region has more Silvaner plantings than any other region in the world?
Rheinhessen (not Franken)
192
What are the top 5 grapes grown in the Rheinhessen devoted to high quality?
```
Riesling
Silvaner
Scheurebe
Spätburgunder (Pinot Noir)
Weissburgunder (Pinot Blanc)
Grauburgunder (Pinot Gris)
```
193
Second to the Rheinhessen, what region is home to the most acreage under vine?
Pfalz
194
What region is known for being the world's largest producer of Riesling in regards to acreage?
Pfalz
195
How does Riesling from the Pfalz compare to the Mosel?
modern style that is resoundingly dry, offering more body, weight, alcohol
196
Which three grapes are authorized for VDP Grosse Lage in the Pfalz?
Riesling, Spätburgunder, and Weissburgunder
197
Between what two major wine producing regions does is the Pfalz located?
Rheinhessen and Alsace
198
The Pfalz's southernmost vineyards are actually located in what French wine growing area? What town?
Alsace
Wissembourg
199
What extension of the Vosges Mountains are the Pfalz's best vineyard sites located on? (what hills?)
Haardt hills, a northern, forest-capped extension of the Vosges Mountains
200
What are the two Bereich of the Pfalz?
Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstrasse
| Südliche Weinstrasse
201
What is the name of the major wine route located in the Pfalz?
the Weinstrasse
202
Where doe the northern sector of the Pfalz (Mittelhaardt) begin? (what town?)
Worms
203
What are the most famous wine growing villages of the northern Pfalz (Mittelhaardt)?
```
Kallstadt
Ungestein
Forst
Deidesheim
Ruppertsberg
Gimmeldingen
```
204
The southern part of the Pfalz (Südliche) is between what two towns?
Neustadt and Schweigen
205
What is the major forest located in the northern (Mittelhaardt) part of the Pfalz?
Palatinate Forest
206
Between what two towns in the Pfalz are the northern part's (Mittelhaard) best Grosse Lage and Erste Lage sites located?
Between Forst and Deidesheim
207
What are the top 3 vineyard site in the Mittelhaardt (northern part) of the Pfalz? What is peculiar regarding the vineyard size of each?
Forster Kirchenstück
Forster Freundstück
Deidesheimer Hohenmorgen
Each are under the mandated 5ha size according to the 1971 German Wine Law
208
What does "Kirchenstück" mean? What town and region is it located in?
"Church parcel"
located in Forst in the Pfalz more specifically the Mittelhaardt (northern part)
209
Which vineyard in the Mittelhaardt sector of the Pfalz is considered the finest, warmest, and most uniform site in the area if not the entire Pfalz? How many growers have holdings here? What grape is the entire vineyard planted to?
Forster Kirchenstück
8 growers
Planted to Riesling
210
What vineyard was classified in 1828 as the Bavarian kingdom's finest? Between what 3 Grosse Lage is it located?
Forster Kirchenstück
Located between Freundstück, Jesuitengarten, and Ungeheur
211
What are 8 top vineyard sites in the Mittelhaard area of the Pfalz?
```
Forster Kirchenstück
Forster Freundstück
Forster Jesuitengarten
Forster Ungeheur
Deidesheimer Hohenmorgen
Königsbacher Idig
Gimmeldinger Mandelgarten
Kallstadter Saumagen
```
212
Which vineyard is an amphitheater-like sun trap and considered the finest site north of Forst in the Mittelhaardt of Pfalz?
Kallstadter Saumagen
213
Who are the 3 Bs of the Mittelhaardt in the Pfalz? Which vineyard site is the only that all three have holdings in?
Reichsrat von Buhl
Bürklin-Wolf
Bassermann-Jordan
Forster Kirchenstück
214
Who is the top producer of the Kallstadter Saumagen vineyard in the Mittelhaardt Pfalz?
Koehler-Ruprecht
215
What are 5 top producers in the Mittelhaardt area of the Pfalz?
```
Basserman-Jordan
Bürklin-Wolf
Reichsrat von Buhl
Koehler-Ruprecht
Müller-Catoir
Weingut von Winning
```
216
Which producer of the Pfalz has taken a lot of heat for using new barriques and tonneaux in their Riesling cellar?
Weingut von Winning
217
Which part of the Pfalz was traditionally known as a cheap source of bulk wine and often found its wines sold to négociants in the Mosel?
Südliche Weinstrasse
218
Which 3 producers are responsible for resurrecting the image of the Südliche-Weinstrasse area of the Pfalz?
Rebholz
Dr. Wehrheim
Friedrich Becker
219
What are three top vineyard sites in the Südliche-Weinstrasse area of the Pfalz?
Birkweiler Kastanienbusch
Siebeldinger im Sonnenschein
Schweiger Kammerberg
220
What category was introduced by Pfalz producers in 2005 that wasn't adopted by any of the major producers? What style of wine from what grapes?
DC Pfalz
trocken wines from Riesling, Grauburgunder, Weissburgunder, Spätburgunder, and Dornfelder
221
What do the words Kalkstein and Muschelkalk refer to in regards to soil type respectively?
Limestone (Kalkstein)
shell-limestone (Muschelkalk)
222
Why is the Pfalz commonly compared to Alsace? (not because they border)
Because of the myriad of soil types.
223
The Anbaugebiete of Franken lies within what federal state of Germany?
Bavaria
224
Which river does the Franken wine region lie along? Which river is this a tributary to?
Main River
Tributary of the Rhine
225
What climate does the Franken wine producing region experience? Which vineyard hazard is most consistently a concern here?
Sharply continental with short hot summers and bitterly cold winters
spring frosts are an annual nuisance
226
What is the only Anbaugebiet in Germany that has Müller-Thurgau as its most planted grape?
Franken
227
What is the traditional grape of Franken?
Silvaner
228
What is "Frankenwein"?
Basic blends from Franken composed of Müller-Thurgau, Bacchus, Kerner, and the like.
229
Does Franken Silvaner see new oak frequently? Long lees aging, skin contact, and malo?
Rarely sees new oak. More frequently the wines are fermented and/or aged in large barrels and concrete eggs.
Long lees aging, skin contact, and malo are all commonly used for Silvaner fermentations in Franken.
230
What is the traditional bottle used for Silvaner in Franken?
Bockbeutel, which is shaped like a Roman canteen or sheep's scrotum
231
What are the three Bereiche of Franken? Which is the best for Pinot Noir (Spätburgunder)
Mainviereck (best for Spätburgunder)
Maindreieck
Steigerwald
232
Which two villages in Franken's Mainviereck Bereich have developed a strong reputation for red wines?
Klingenberg
| Bürgstadt
233
Which producer is considered the best in Bürgstadt for Spätburgunder? What Bereich is this village in? What region?
Rudolf Fürst
| Mainviereck Bereich in Franken
234
Which Bereich of Franken produces 3/4 of the region's wines? What is the main soil type there?
Maindreieck
Shell-limestone soils
235
What is the most famed vineyard site in the town of Würzburg in the Maindreieck Bereich of Franken? What two grapes star there? What direction does the vineyard face and what is the main soil types here?
Würzburger Stein
Riesling and Silvaner
South facing on loess and limestone
236
Who are the two most important landholders in the Würzburger Stein vineyard in Franken? Which is the largest producer in Franken? What do they both have in common?
Bürgerspital and Juliusspital (largest)
Both are charitable hospital foundations financed by large winemaking operations
237
What is the dominant soil type in the Steigerwald Bereich of Franken that allows for grapes to ripen effectively despite the cooler climate and lack of proximity to the mitigating influence of the Main River?
black, gypsum-laced Keuper soils
238
What are the two most important villages of the Steigerwald Bereich of Franken? In which did Germany's first Silvaner appear?
Castell (Silvaner first appeared here)
| Iphofen
239
Land in what 3 Bereich make up what's called the Taubertal? Which two have the right to bottle wien in a Bocksbeutel, which one does not? What are the two grapes of Taubertal?
Franken (may use Bocksbeutel)
Baden (may use Bocksbeutel)
Württemberg (cannot bottle in Bocksbeutel)
Riesling and Silvaner
240
Where is the Nahe located geographically compared to the Rheingau and the Rheinhessen?
West of the Rheinhessen
| South of the Rheingau
241
What is the natural boundary forming the Nahe's west border and separating it from the Mosel?
Hüsruck Hochwald forest
242
Match the following mountains with their respective region:
Hunsrück hills
Taunus Mountains
Eifel Mountains
```
Hunsrück Hills (Mosel/Nahe)
Taunus Mountains (Rheingau)
Eifel Mountains (Ahr)
```
243
Which region of Germany is protected on the north and west by wooded mountains and is considered the driest winemaking region in Germany? What is the climate like here?
Nahe
transition zone between maritime and continental
244
What river is the Nahe named after? What is the river a tributary to?
Nahe River
| Tributary of the Rhine
245
What are two tributaries in the north part of the Nahe and two tributaries in the south?
North:
Gräfenbach
Trollbach
South:
Glan
Alsenz
246
What is the only varietal permitted for VDP Grosse Lage in the Nahe?
Riesling
247
What is the sole Bereich of the Nahe? What are the three subregions?
Nahetal is the Bereich
Upper, Middle, and Lower Nahe are the three subregions.
248
Why is the climate in the Upper and Middle Nahe generally cooler than the Lower Nahe?
Due to proximity to the Hunsrück hills
249
What is considered the best and most historic vineyard in the Upper Nahe though not as prized today as it was subjected to large expansion as a result of the German Wine Law of 1971?
Frühlingsplätzchen
250
What are the top two producers of the Upper Nahe? Who is the best?
Emrich-Schönleber (best)
Shäfer-Fröhlich
| Shäfer-Fröhlich
251
Between what two towns is the region of the Middle Nahe?
Schlossböckelheim and Bad Kreuznach
252
What town is the commercial center of the Nahe's wine trade?
Bad Kreuznach
253
What are the major towns of the Middle Nahe flowing west to east (upstream to downstream)?
```
Oberhausen
Niederhausen
Norheim
Traisen
Bad Münster am Stein
```
254
What are 6 top vineyard sites in the Middle Nahe?
```
Niederhauser Hermannshöhle
Schlossböckelheimer Kupfergrube
Schlossböckelheimer Felsberg
Norheimer Dellchen
Traiser Bastei
Oberhauser Brücke
```
255
Oberhauser Brücke is a monopole of what producer in the Nahe?
Dönnhoff
256
The state winery Niederhausen-Schlossböckelheim is now known as what in the Nahe?
Gut Hermannsberg
257
The Lower Nahe is between what two towns? What are the soils like here?
Bad Kreuznach and Bingen
Soils are heavier with clay and loess
258
Bingen marks the tripoint of which 3 Anbaugebiete?
Nahe, Rheinhessen, and the Rheingau
259
Stylistically, Riesling from the Lower Nahe is what?
Fuller in body and more opulent. Comparable to the neighboring Rheinhessen
260
What part of the Nahe is best for Spätburgunder?
The Lower Nahe where the soils are heavier with clay and loess
261
What are the 3 major wine growing towns of the Lower Nahe?
Münster-Sarmsheim
Dorsheim
Laubenheim
262
What is the top producer of the Lower Nahe?
Schlossgut Diel
263
Between what two natural influences lies the Ahr? Which two major wine producing regions does it run parallel with?
The Rhine River and the Black Forest
Runs parallel with the Pfalz and Alsace
264
What is the name of the major lake in Baden that separates Germany from Switzerland? (two names)
Lake Constance also known as Bodensee
265
What river valley is in the NE Baden bordering Franken?
Tauber River Valley
266
What are the name of the hills north of Baden that define the southern hills of Hessische-Bergstrasse?
Odenwald Hills
267
What are the three top grapes of Baden? (hint: Burgundy)
Grauburgunder
Weissburgunder
Spätburgunder
268
What is the second most planted variety in Baden? Most planted grape?
Spätburgunder is the most planted
| Müller-Thurgau is the second most
269
Where does Müller-Thurgau get its name? In what region is this? What German region borders this?
Gets its name from the grape's breeder Hermann Müller who was born in the Swiss canton Thurgau.
This is across the Bodensee (Lake Constance) from Baden
270
What Bereich in Baden is almost exclusively planted to Gutedel (Chasselas)?
Markgräferland on the Swiss Border where the bereich meets the Swiss city of Basel
271
What are the 4 Spätburgunder Bereich of Baden from north to south?
Ortenau
Breisgau
Kaiserstuhl
Tuniberg
272
What Bereich of Baden is known for producing Spätburgunder in a Côte de Nuits style? What Bereich south of here is known for a muscular style and is considered the best Bereich in Baden for Spätburgunder?
Breisgau (Côte de Nuits-like style)
Kaiserstuhl is widely recognized as the best Bereich for Spätburgunder in the Baden
273
Which Bereich in Baden occupies an extinct volcano and experiences Germany's warmest and sunniest wine growing climate?
Kaiserstuhl
In warm vintages, Spätburgunder passing the 15% mark is not unheard of
274
What are the mountains that provide a rain shadow for the Kaiserstuhl Bereich of the Baden?
The Vosges Mountains
275
Which two vineyards in Kaiserstuhl are considered the finest for Spätburgunder? Which is considered Germany's hottest vineyard?
```
Achkarrer Schlossberg
Irriger Winklerberg (hottest in Germany)
```
276
The main soil type of Kaiserstuhl is what? The main soil type of the sub zone bereich south of here is what? What is the sub zone south of there?
Kaiserstuhl is on mostly volcanic soils
Tuniberg, the sub zone Bereich south of Kaiserstuhl is on mostly calcareous soils of less and loess-loam
277
How does Pinot Noir from the Kaiserstuhl in Baden compare stylistically to the Pinot Noir from the Ahr?
Ripe and robust, richer in body and lower in acidity
278
Is chaptalization practiced in the Baden?
Yes, even though it is the only German Anbaugebiet that enters the EU's Climate Zone B
279
All of the German Anbaugebiete are within what climate zone of the EU? What is Baden in?
Climate Zone A (the coolest)
| Baden is in Climate Zone B
280
What type of oak is used for the wines in Baden? Are whole cluster fermentations common here?
French commonly but also German oak from the Vosges Mountains is common
Whole cluster fermentations are common here.
281
Does the Dijon Clone perform well in Baden?
No, it is too warm
282
What are the 5 grapes permitted for Grosse Lage in Germany?
```
Spätburgunder
Chardonnay
Riesling
Weissburgunder
Grauburgunder
```
283
In what Anbaugebiet is it common to see barrel-fermented Weissburgunder, Chardonnay, and Spätburgunder?
Baden
284
If your drinking a bottle of Grosse Lage Grauburgunder it is most likely from which Anbaugebiet?
Baden
285
What is Rülander?
Grauburgunder (Pinot Gris) that is sweet in style that may or may not be from botrytized grapes
286
Other than Baden and Ahr, what other region focuses on red wine in Germany and can claim that 70% of its vines are dedicated to red grapes? What is the main grape here? (hint: not Spätburgunder) What other two grapes are showing promise here?
Württemberg
Main grape is Trollinger (Schiava)
Blaufränkisch and Schwarzriesling are also showing promise here
287
Which German anbaugebiet has the highest plantings of Schwarzriesling?
Württemberg
288
What is the second-most planted grape in Württemberg and most-planted white grape?
Riesling
289
What is the name of the specialized style of rosé unique to the Württemberg anbaugebiet? How is it comparable to Champagne in regards to production?
Schillerwein
Along with Champagne is one of the few styles of European rosés for which blending is permitted. For Schillerwein it is the rule.
290
Schillerwein rosé is produced by which method, saignée or blending?
Blending exclusively.
291
How is Schillerwein traditionally produced? How are they produced today?
From a field blend of red and white grapes that are crushed and fermented together.
Red and white wines are fermented and blended today.
292
What is the main river in the north of Württemberg? What are 4 of its tributaries?
What is the main river a tributary of?
Neckar River
Kocher, Jagst, Tauber, and Rems are its tributaries.
Neckar River is a tributary of the Rhine.
293
Württemberg's largest concentration of vineyards are between what two cities?
Stuttgart and Heilbronn
294
Weingut Graf Neipperg is a producer in what bereich? What anbaugebiet?
Remstal-Stuttgart Bereich in Württemberg
295
Which anbaugebiet is planted to 70% Spätburgunder and Früburgunder?
Ahr
296
What are 3 top Spätburgunder producers int the Ahr?
Jean Stodden
Meyer-Näkel
J.J. Adeneuer
297
What is unique about the soil type of the Ahr for Spätburgunder? What quality is lent to the wines as a result?
It is a rare example of slate-grown Pinot Noir.
The soil is said to lend a smoky quality to the wines here.
298
What are the soil differences between the Upper Ahr and the Lower Ahr? In which is phylloxera non-existent?
Upper Ahr is purely slate (no phylloxera)
| Lower Ahr is more basalt-derived clay and sand atop dark slate
299
Which producer led the charge for a surge in quality Spätburgunder in the Ahr during the 1980's? What technique did he bring to the region?
Meyer-Näkel
Brought longer macerations and aging in French oak barrels
300
What did the transition to Guyot training in the Ahr do for the vines?
Provided more sun exposure in the Ahr's northerly climate.
301
What major Swiss clone has proven superior to the Dijon clone of Pinot Noir in Germany?
Mariafeld
302
Despite being north of the 50th parallel how the Ahr had so much success ripening red grapes reliably?
Due to the Ahr Valley's east-west orientation providing southern exposures and the moderating influence of the Gulf Stream the growing season is longer.
The dark slate soils of Ahr vineyards store heat for chilly evenings.
The whole region is also a canyon, protected from wind and rain amidst the low Eifel Mountains.
303
Which mountains provide a rain shadow effect in the Ahr?
The Eifel Mountains
304
Is whole cluster fermentation common in the Ahr?
Never employed because the stems are always green.
305
In what direction do the vineyards of the Ahr run despite the threat of erosion?
North-South
306
What is Frühburgunder called in France?
Pinot Noir Precocé
307
How much earlier does Frühburgunder ripen than Spätburgunder?
two weeks earlier
308
What two towns are mark the boundaries of the Mittelhrein?
Bonn in the north
| Bacharach in the south
309
Which two major rivers converge with the Rhine in the Mittelrein? Where?
Ahr converges with the Rhine east of Lohrsdorf
Mosel converges with the Rhine at Koblenz
310
Which two Bereiche divide the Mittelrhein into the north and south respectively? Where are all the Mittelrhein's Grosse Lage sites located?
Siebengebirge (north)
Loreley (south) All Grosse Lage sites are located here
311
What Bereich represents western Germany's northernmost wine growing region?
Siebengebirge
312
The Mosel and Mittelrhein share similar slate soils, but why is the Riesling grown in the Mittelrhein inferior?
The southern exposures vital for high quality production are rare here.
313
What is the German term for medium-sweet? Sweet?
lieblich (medium sweet)
| süss (sweet)
314
What is the smallest Anbaugebiet in Germany?
Hessische-Bergstrasse
315
What are two top sites for Riesling in the MIttelrhein?
Bopparder Hamm
| Oberweseler Ölsberg
316
The Odenwald hills are a major natural feature in what Anbaugebiet?
Hessische-Bergstrasse
317
Which Anbaugebiet is known as the "spring garden", signaling a transition in phase from the cooler areas to the immediate north to the warmer growing region of Baden directly south of it?
Hessische-Bergstrasse
318
What is the major river of Sachsen?
Elbe River
319
Who is Sachsen's first VDP and the anbaugebiet's largest estate?
Schloss Proschwitz
320
Goldriesling is a specialty of what Anbaugabiet?
Sachsen
