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Austria Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What major river is Austria’s wine country located along? What is the major city?

A

Danube River

Vienna

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2
Q

When was Trockenbeerenauslese first produced in Austria predating Spätlese in Germany by over 200 years?

A

1526

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3
Q

Where is the most significant viticultural research institute in Austria? What was its main focus upon establishment in 1860?

A

Klosterneuburg abbey in Lower Austria

grape crossings and higher yields were its main focus

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4
Q

What Austrian is credited with the development of the wire trellising system for grapes in the 1950s?

A

Lenz Moser

a trellising system of training vines to twice their height

85% of all vines use this- higher quality for mechaanized harvest

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5
Q

What scandal in 1985 decimated Austria’s wine industry?

A

The “antifreeze” scandal

Diethylene glycol, a colorless, odorless, poisonous chemical was added to light wines to give them added texture. When a culpable producer tried to claim this as a wine expense on his taxes the scandal was exposed and wines tested positive for this poisonous chemical worldwide.

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6
Q

What positive came of the 1985 “antifreeze” scandal?

A

Austria responded by drafting some of the strictest wine laws in Europe and quickly refocused on quality.

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7
Q

What are the four major weinbaugebiete (wine regions) of Austria from North to South?

A

Niederösterreich
Wien (Vienna)
Burgenland
Styria

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8
Q

Which two weinbaugebiete of Austria collectively account for 90% of the country’s vineyards?

A

Niederösterreich and Burgenland

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9
Q

What is the most cultivated variety in Austria? What % of the nation’s total vineyard acreage does it account for?

A

Grüner-Veltliner

accounts for 30% of the nation’s total acreage under vine

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10
Q

Behind Gruner, what are the 6 most planted white grapes in decreasing order of acreage under vine?

A 
Welschriesling
Müller-Thurgau
Weissburgunder
Riesling
Chardonnay
Feinburgunder
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11
Q

What is the synonym for Chardonnay in Austria?

A

Morillon

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12
Q

What are the two most cultivated red grapes in Austria?

A

Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch

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13
Q

Behind Zweigelt and Blaufränkisch what are the 3 other most cultivated reds in decreasing order from most to least?

A

Blauer Portugieser

Blauburger

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14
Q

What are the crossings that produced Zweigelt and Blauburger?

A

Blaufränkisch x St Laurent = Zweigelt

Blaufränkisch x Blauer Portugieser = Blaubürger

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15
Q

Zweigelt and Blaubürger share what father?

A

Blaufränkisch

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16
Q

What percentage of Austria’s vineyards are planted to white grapes?

A

65%

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17
Q

What are the three levels of quality for Austrian wine?

A

Qualitätswein
Landwein
Wein (Tafelwein prior to 2009)

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18
Q

What is the highest level of quality for wine in Austria? What fraction of Austria’s total annual production does it account for? Where is it sourced from? Single varietal or blend? How many grapes are permitted?

A

Qualitätswein; accounts for 2/3 of Austria’s total production

Sourced from a single Weinbaugebiete or one of the 16 smaller wine regions and may be produced from one or more of 35 permitted grapes

meet the minimum must weight requirement of 15 degrees KMW, adhere to maximum yields of 65.7 hectoliters per hectare, and have a minimum 9% ABV (5% for Prädikatswein).

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19
Q

What is the Austrian equivalent of Germany’s Amtliche Prüfungsnummer (AP Number)? What does this indicate? Additionally what must be present on the cap of the bottle?

A

State Control Number (Prüfnummer)

Indicates that the wine has passed a tasting panel and chemical analysis.

Red and white banderole must be present on the capsule of approved bottles.

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20
Q

Austrian wine of Wein quality may carry a vintage date and varietal on label but what term is the exclusive term used for statement of origin?

A

Österreich

Bergwein” may be labeled if the vineyard slope exceeds 26%

Wein, which can include grapes from anywhere in the EU, and Österreich (the German name for Austria, also labeled as österreichischer Wein), which must be sourced from Austria onl

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21
Q

In regards to grapes allowed, what is permitted for the production of Austrian Landwein? How are these wines labeled in regards to geographic origin?

A

Same 35 as permitted for Qualitätswein

Geographic origin corresponds to one of the following three larger broad geographic areas: Weinland, Steierland, or Bergland

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22
Q

What are the three Weinbauregion permitted on the labels of Austrian Landwein? What areas of the country does each correspond to?

A

Weinland:
Covers Niederösterreich, Wien, and Burgenland

Steierland:
Refers to Steiermark

Bergland:
Refers to 500 ha of vineyard land scattered throughout the remainder of Austria’s mountainous countryside.

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23
Q

What is the difference between Weinbauregion and Weinbaugebiete? Name the 3 Weinbauregion and 4 Weinbaugebiete

A

Weinbauregion refers to the three broader delimited lands that are listed on Austrian Landwein. Weinland, Steierland, and Bergland.

Weinbaugebiete refers to the 4 more specific regions eligible for use on the labels of Qualitätswein (though the smaller 16 regions are used more frequently). Niederösterreich, Wien, Burgenland, and Styria are the four Weinbaugebiete.

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24
Q

All three levels of quality for Austrian wine require the same max yield. What is it? What increases for each level of quality?

A

67.5 hl/ha

min must weights increase with each level of quality.

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25
Qualitätswein may be subdivided into different categories. What are they?
Kabinett, DAC wines, Prädikatswein (which has its own style categories), Sekt Austria g.U.
26
What does DAC stand for?
Districtus Austriae Controllatus
27
How does Austria's ladder of Prädikatswein differ from Germany's?
Kabinett along with Sekt (sparkling) are considered subsets of Qualitätswein rather than a Prädikat. Additionally along with Spätlese, Auslese, and Trockenbeerenauslese the categories of Strohwein and Ausbruch are added. ``` The total ladder looks like the following: Spätlese Auslese Beerenauslese Eiswein Strohwein/Schilfwein Ausbruch Trockenbeerenauslese ```
28
If a bottle of Qualitätswein in Austria is labeled by Prädikat, what is the min % of alcohol required?
Min 5%
29
What are the corresponding KMW values for each of the Austrian Prädikat? What are the corresponding KMW values for the two subsets of Qualitätswein that aren't Prädikats (Kabinett and Sekt)? What is the KMW value of an Austrian basic Qualitätswein?
Spätlese (19 KMW) Auslese (21 KMW) Beerenauslese / Eiswein / Strohwein (25KMW) Ausbruch/Trockenbeerenauslese (30KMW) Kabinett (17 KMW) Sekt (15 KMW) Basic Qualitätswein (15 KMW)
30
What does KMW stand for? What is its German counterpart called?
Klosterneuberger Mostwage | Öchsle is the German counterpart ## Footnote 1 KMW = 5 degree Oshsle
31
Wines of what quality level are forbidden to chaptalize and add süssreserve to the wines?
Qualitätswein
32
Ausbruch is a sweet wine specialty of what area known for producing most of the country's sweet wines?
Rust in Neusiedlersee-Hügelland (Burgenland) | sweet botrytized dessert wine that was made in a style similar to Tokaji
33
What three items does each DAC prescribe?
limited grape varietals minimum alcohol content stylistic choices
34
What is the largest Weinbaugebiete in Austria? What is its other name? What is the second largest Weinbaugebiete and how much smaller is it compared to the former?
Niederösterreich (Lower Austria) Burgenland is the second largest but twice as small
35
What is the name of the major plain that stretches through Niederösterreich, Hungary, and many countries of the former eastern bloc? What is the main soil type of this plain?
Pannonian Plain loess is the main soil type
36
What kind of climate does the Niederösterreich experience?
Strong continental
37
Most of the Niederösterreich's subzones are located along the path of what river and its tributaries? What are the two exceptions?
Danube River Weinviertel and Thermenregion are the exceptions.
38
What are the 8 subzones of Niederösterreich?
``` Weinviertel Carnuntum Traisental Wagram Kremstal Kamtal Wachau Thermenregion ```
39
What is the Niederösterreich's largest sub zone and first DAC?
Weinviertel
40
What is the grape required for Weinviertel? What is the minimum alcohol % required for basic Weinnviertel DAC? Reserve? What style of wine is produced here?
Grüner-Veltliner with min alcohol of 12%, 13% for Reserve (reserve can have botrytis and wood- normal cannot) Lighter, fresher wine due to the cooler climate.
41
For basic Weinviertel DAC what characteristics must the wine show? What about for Reserve? When was Reserve category created?
Must show distinct peppery note and no obvious wood or botrytis tones. Reserve wines are fuller in body and may display hints of both botrytis and wood (est. 2009)
42
What grapes are permitted for Traisental, Kamptal, and Kremstal DACs? What two categories exist for each? Describe both. What are their corresponding min abvs?
Grüner-Veltliner or Riesling Classic (12%): no notes of wood or botrytis Reserve (13%): may show notes of both
43
How does Grüner-Veltliner from Kamptal, Kremstal, and Traisental differ from those produced in Weinviertel?
More delicate spice notes, less pungent than wines from Weinviertel
44
What are the tributaries of the Danube that run through both Kremstal and Kamptal?
Kremstal (Krems) | Kamptal (Kamp)
45
What is the main village of Kamptal? What are 3 top vineyards located in this DAC?
Langenlois Heiligenstein, Lamm, and Dechant vineyards are all highly regarded ## Footnote Kamptal- less humid (less botrytis), Cooler at night, wamer during the day than the Wachau
46
How are single vineyard wines in Austria bottled?
With village first and name of vineyard. Often the village name is replaced with the word "Ried" indicating a top site.
47
What is the Austrian equivalent of the German VDP? What are the production guidelines for their wines closely aligned with? What do they call top vineyard sites? What are the only grapes permitted for this status?
(OTW) Österreichischen Traditionsweingüter, aligned closely with the DAC concept Top vineyard sites are called Erste Lage and only Grüner-Veltliner or Riesling may be used for their production.
48
What is the Austrian Erste Lage logo?
A "1" with OWT interlocked
49
May of Austria's best vineyards are located in this westernmost subregion of the Niederösterreich? Between what two towns is it located?
Wachau Between Melk and Krems
50
What moderates the otherwise severe continental climate of the Wachau during the summer and allow the wines to retain high natural acidity?
Danube river and cool northern winds
51
On what bank of the Danube River are the Wachau's best? What region in Germany does it draw comparisons to? Why?
North bank Compared to Mosel due to the presence of steep terraced vineyards along a river.
52
What composes the main soil structure of Wachau?
loess combined with gföhler, or gneiss, with a proportion of alluvial sand in the lower vineyard sites near the river's edge
53
What is Gneiss called in the Wachau?
gföhler
54
The unique climate, soil, and aspect of the Wachau's vineyards yield what kind of wines in the pantheon of Austrian wine?
Austria's most extracted, age worthy white wines
55
What are the grapes permitted for Wachau DAC?
Grüner Veltliner or Riesling
56
Instead of using the typical Prädikatswein hierarchy, producers in Wachau have developed their own categories of classification? What are the 3 and what are their corresponding KMW values and abvs?
Steinfeder (min 15 KMW and max 11.5% abv) Federspiel (min 17 KMW and 11.5-12.5% abv) Smaragd (min 19 KMW and min 12.5% abv)
57
Which of the Wachau categories is the equivalent of Spätlese in Germany?
Smaragd
58
What is the most extracted style and most likely to show inevitable tones of botrytis in the Wachu?
Smaragd
59
What are 5 top vineyard sites in the Wachau?
``` Achleiten Hochrain Loibenberg Kellerberg Kirchweg Terrasen ```
60
What are 5 top producers of Wachau?
``` FX Pichler Rudi Pichler Emmerich Knoll Prager Domaine Wachau ```
61
What is the Vinea Wachau? What style of winemaking does this organization champion? Who are three members?
an organization sworn to uphold the tenets of natural winemaking as spelled out in the Codex Wachau. No additives (including chaptalization) No aromatization (including the use of new barrique) no "fractionation" (techniques such as dealcoholization) All wines must be vilified from grapes grown in the Wachau. Knoll, FX Pichler, and Prager are three members of the organization
62
What percentage of the Wachau's vineyards are controlled by Vinea Wachau members?
more than 85%
63
Wagram was also known as what prior to 2007?
Donauland prior to 2007
64
What four grapes are produced under the Wagram DAC?
Grüner-Veltliner Müller-Thurgau Zweigelt Roter Veltliner (red grape produced as a white)
65
What red grape is produced as a white wine specialty in Wagram DAC?
Roter Veltliner
66
How does the climate of Thermenregion compare to the rest of the Niederösterreich as the name suggests? Why is it this way?
Much warmer as its far away from the mitigating influence of the Danube
67
What are the rare white grapes that are grown in Thermenregion? What is the blend of them called?
Rotgipfler and Zierfandler Called Spätrot-Rotgipfler when blended.
68
Carnuntum is geared toward the production of what wines red or white? What is the main grape here?
Red Zweigelt
69
What is the name of the field blends popular in Carnuntum?
Gemischter Satz
70
Burgenland is known for producing Austria's best styles of what wine?
Red and sweet wines
71
Burgenland borders Hungary and shares climatic similarities to what Hungarian wine region?
Sopron
72
The hot Pannonian climate of Burgenland is tempered by the cooling influences of what lake?
Neusiedlersee
73
What are the 5 DACs of Burgenland?
``` Neusiedlersee* Leithaberg* Rosalia Mittelburgenland Eisenberg ``` | *=surrounds lake neussidlersee ## Footnote north to south
74
What two sub zone wine regions of Burgenland are no longer considered official as of 2016?
Neusiedlersee-Hügelland | Südburgenland
75
What is the grape of Mittelburgenland? What is the abvs for Classic? Reserve? What is the other categories of classic and its abv?
Blaufränkisch Classic (12.5-13%) Classic with mention of site (13-13.5%) Reserve (min 13%)
76
What are the aging requirements and release dates for Mittelburgenland DAC Classic and Reserve?
Classic (not released until August 1 following year of harvest and can be aged in stainless steel or used wood) Reserve (not released until March 1 of second year following harvest and must be aged in oak either used or new)
77
What is the first DAC that allows for the production of both red and white wines? What grapes are allowed for white?
Leithaberg White: Single varietal or blends of Grüner-Veltliner, Chardonnay, Neuberger, or Weissburgunder. Red: min 85% Blaufränkisch plus Pinot Noir, St. Laurent, and/or Zweigelt
78
What is the grape used in the production of Eisenberg DAC wines? What are the min abv for Classic and Reserve?
Blaufränkisch Classic (12.5%) Reserve (13%)
79
What is Blaufränkish known as in Germany? Hungary?
Lemberger (Germany) Kékfrankos (Hungary)
80
What village in Neusiedlersee is home to Alois Kracher and what style of wine is he know for? What grape is considered the star of these?
Illmitz eiswein, BA and TBA bottlings Scheurebe
81
What town is famous for the production of Ausbruch wines? What famous dessert wine does it draw comparisons to? Why?
Rust | Draws comparisons to Tokaji due to production method.
82
How is Ausbruch produced?
grapes are harvested at a minimum of 30KMW. Richly concentrated botrytis-affected must is added to less concentrated must from fruit harvested in the same vineyard and the two are fermented together then aged in barrel prior to release
83
What grapes were traditionally used for the production of Ausbruch? Which 7 are more commonly used today?
Furmint grapes were traditionally used but today Ausbruch is more often produced from Chardonnay, Muskateller, Pinot Blanc, Neuburger, Welschriesling, Traminer, and Pinot Gris
84
Neusiedlersee DAC is reserved for what style of wines?
Classic and Reserve wines based on Zweigelt
85
What are the 3 subregions of Steiermark/Styria? Which is DAC?
Vulkland Steiermark DAC Südsteiermark DAC Weststeiermark DAC | East to west
86
What % of Austria's vineyards are found in Steiermark/Styria?
9%
87
What is the most cultivated grape in Steiermark/Styria? What are the two others?
Welschriesling is the most cultivated followed by Weissburgunder and Sauvignon Blanc
88
Who is the top producer of Sauvignon Blanc in Steiermark/Styria? How does he age his wines?
Manfred Tement both in stainless steel and wood
89
What style of wine is Weststeiermark DAC known for? What is the main grape? What was the region formerly called?
Schilcher (rosé) made from Blauer Wildbacher
90
Wien is surrounded by what 4 DACs on three sides?
Thermenregion Carnuntum Weinviertel Wagram
91
What is the only capitol city in Europe to have its own wine appellation within city limits?
Vienna (Wien)
92
What is the nouveau style wine that is made in Vienna? What is it and what is its DAC?
heuriger Field blend of three varieties with one grape making up at least 50% and the other two making up a min 10% Wiener Gemischter Setz
93
What is Sturm?
half-fermented, sparkling grape juice
94
What are the 13 DACs of Austria?
``` Niederosterreich: (all but Thermenregion) Wachau DAC Kremstal DAC Kamptal DAC Traisental DAC Wagram DAC Weinviertel DAC Carnuntum DAC ``` ``` Burgenland: (5 DAC) Eisenberg DAC Leithaberg DAC Mittelburgenland DAC Neusiedlersee DAC Rosalia DAC ``` Steiermark: (3 DAC) Südsteiermark DAC Vulkanland Steiermark DAC Westeiermark DAC Wien: Wiener Gemischter Satz DAC
95
Major Geographic Features of Austria
Alps--> Carpathian Mountains (forms the Eastern Border) Pannonian Plain Styria Basin Lake Neusiedler northern massif hills of the Bohemian Forest (border with Czech Republic in N)
96
Two most significant styles of DAC System Wines
**klassik** is an unofficial term that refers to dry, unchaptalized, medium-bodied styles that are often crisp, fruity, unoaked, and moderate in alcohol **reserve** latter is an official term given to fuller styles; it requires higher must weight and minimum alcohol (13% ## Footnote DAC system was meant to simplify the consumer’s understanding of a region by limiting grapes and styles to those that epitomize the location and reinforce its character
97
three distinct Sekt Austria PDOs
quality levels were established: Sekt Austria g.U. (Minimum nine months on the lees for traditional method or six months in the case of tank method, All sparkling methods, dosage levels, styles, and colors ) Sekt Austria Reserve g.U.(single state Only traditional method Minimum 18 months on the lees Hand harvesting, max 12g/l) and Sekt Austria Grosse Reserve g.U (single village, Same methods, dosage levels permitted as for Reserve Minimum 36 months on the lees) 2022
98
Levels of DAC Wines
Gebietswein (regional wines) Ortswein (village-level) Riedenwein (single-vineyard)
99
What is the OTW?
Österreichische Traditionsweingüter | Kamptal and Kremstal VDP equivilant ## Footnote only OTW members can utilize the erste lage logo on the label for bottles classified as Riedenwein (single vineyards)
99
What is the OTW?
Österreichische Traditionsweingüter | Kamptal and Kremstal VDP equivilant ## Footnote only OTW members can utilize the erste lage logo on the label for bottles classified as Riedenwein (single vineyards)
100
Heurigen?
“an inn which the proprietor can only serve wine and food of his own production" | current release wines + food
101
STK?
Steirische Terroir- und Klassikweingüter | the individuality of Styria’s higher and steeper vineyard sites ## Footnote TK relies on a hierarchy that identifies Erste STK Ried (premier cru) and Grosse STK Ried (grand cru) vineyard sites.
102
Perlwein vs Schaumwein
Perlwein (sparkling wine) Min. 9% ABV 1 to 2.5 ATM All methods (including added CO2) Schaumwein (sparkling wine) Min. 8.5% ABV 3 ATM All methods (including added CO2)

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