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Ellie Owen > Geography Paper 1 > Flashcards

Geography Paper 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When was Nepal earthquake?

A

25th April 2015

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2
Q

What was the magnitude of the Nepal earthquake?

A

7.9 on the richter scale

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3
Q

How many people died in the Nepal earthquake?

A

9,000

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4
Q

How many people were injured in the Nepal earthquake?

A

20,000

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5
Q

Overall, how many people were affected by the Nepal earthquake?

A

Over 8 million (1/3 of Nepal’s population)

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6
Q

How many people were left homeless by the Nepal earthquake?

A

3 million

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7
Q

How many schools were destroyed in the Nepal earthquake?

A

7,000

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8
Q

What affect did Nepal earthquake have on the population?

A

50% of shops were destroyed, which limited food supplies in Nepal and affected people’s sources of income

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9
Q

How many people were in urgent need of food, water and shelter after the Nepal earthquake?

A

1.4 million

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10
Q

How did the Nepal earthquake affect utilities?

A

Electricity, water, sanitation and communications severely affected due to damaged and destroyed infrastructure

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11
Q

What was the estimated cost of the Nepal earthquake?

A

USD$5 billion

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12
Q

What were the secondary effects of the Nepal earthquake?

A

Landslides and avalanches triggered

Landslides blocked rivers like the kali gandaki river and flooded areas

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13
Q

How many people died in an avalanche on Mount Everest triggered by the Nepal earthquake?

A

At least 19

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14
Q

How did Nepal source relief supplies immediately after the earthquake?

A

Nepal relied heavily on international aid from areas such as china, India and the uk.
These countries supplied medical support and essential supplies

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15
Q

How much money was raised internationally after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Over £87 million in donations alone

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16
Q

What did Nepal use for search, rescue and support?

A

Helicopters were used to search for survivors and reach those trapped from landslides and avalanches. They were also used for resource distribution to cut off communities

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17
Q

How and why were tents so heavily relied upon after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Half a million tents were supplied and used from shelter for the homeless, classrooms and temporary hospitals/health care centres. Hospitals were severely overwhelmed and there were fears of more severe aftershocks causing more damage to buildings.

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18
Q

How was social media use immediately after the Nepal earthquake?

A

Social media sites such as facebook allowed people to mark themselves as safe, to let family members know they were out of danger

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19
Q

What issues associated with landslides did Nepal have to respond to in the long-term?

A

Lakes formed by landslides needed to be carefully drained and cleared so rivers could return to normal
Roads also had to be repaired after landslide damage

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20
Q

What happened in September 2015 that severely hindered Nepal’s recovery process?

A

India imposed a blockade at the border, which stopped fuel, medicines and earthquake relief material from being transported into Nepal

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21
Q

What are the Somerset levels?

A

An area of low - lying coastal plains and wetlands in the south - west uk, located in the country of Somerset

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22
Q

What were the three main causes of Somerset levels floods?

A

High rainfall levels due to many depressions from the Atlantic
High tides causing higher river levels
Lack of dredging reduced river capacity

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23
Q

How much rain fell in January and February, and how high above average rainfall was this?

A

350mm

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24
Q

How many homes were flooded?

A

Over 600

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25
Q

How many farms had to be evacuated?

A

16

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26
Q

Why were some people left stranded in the Somerset floods?

A

Some villages were completely cut off by flood water

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27
Q

What was the estimated cost of damage in the Somerset floods?

A

Over £10 million

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28
Q

How many livestock had to be evacuated from farms in the Somerset floods?

A

Over 1,000

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29
Q

How did floods affect the environment in Somerset?

A

Floodwater transported sewage, chemicals and debris to tether areas and affected the levels ecosystems

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30
Q

How was stagnant water dealt with after the Somerset floods?

A

Water had to be reoxygenated before being pumped back into rivers

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31
Q

How did warnings limit the effects of the floods in Somerset?

A

Weather and flood warnings communicated to residents that there was a danger to life and they should evacuate

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32
Q

How did temporary flood defences help to manage the floods in Somerset?

A

Temporary barriers and sandbags helped limit flood water reaching homes to a certain extent

33
Q

What is the 20 year plan that aims to manage and reduce flood risk in Somerset called?

A

The Somerset levels and moors flood action plan

34
Q

How is Somerset better prepared for higher sea levels and tides contributing to flood risk?

A

A tidal barrier will be built at bridge water by 2024

35
Q

What body was set up after the floods to ensure the maintenance and improvement of river management?

A

The Somerset rivers authority

36
Q

When did typhoon Haitian hit the Philippines?

A

7th November 2013

37
Q

How strong was typhoon Haiyan?

A

Category 5 super typhoon

38
Q

What were the sustained wind speeds of typhoon haiyan at its peak intensity?

A

230km/h

39
Q

How many people died in typhoon haiyan?

A

6,300

40
Q

On average, how large were the storm surges caused by typhoon haiyan?

A

Over 5 metres

41
Q

How many fishing boats were destroyed in typhoon haiyan?

A

30,000

42
Q

How many people were displaced due to typhoon haiyan?

A

Over 600,000

43
Q

How many homes were damaged or destroyed in typhoon haiyan?

A

40,000

44
Q

How much of the city of tacloban was destroyed by typhoon haiyan?

A

90% of the city

45
Q

As well as the storm surge, what were the other primary effects of typhoon haiyan?

A

Heavy winds damaging infrastructure

Heavy rain causing flooding

46
Q

How many people were affected by typhoon haiyan?

A

14 million people

47
Q

How many people lost their source of income due to typhoon haiyan?

A

6 million

48
Q

How did typhoon haiyan affect health?

A

There were major shortages of food, water and shelter. The outbreak of disease was feared during to poor sanitation conditions in shelters and overwhelming amounts of dead bodies

49
Q

How long was power out in some places after typhoon haiyan?

A

Up to a month after the typhoon

50
Q

What other effects did flooding have after typhoon haiyan?

A

Triggered landslides, which blocked roads and slowed relief efforts

51
Q

What slowed the distribution of aid after typhoon haiyan?

A

Major disruptions to flights and ferry services, making it difficult to reach remote communities

52
Q

How did typhoon haiyan affect crime?

A

Looting and violence broke out in tacloban

53
Q

How did international aid organisations respond to typhoon haiyan?

A

They brought food, water, aid supplies and temporary shelters to support those affected

54
Q

How did the Philippines red-cross prepare for typhoon haiyan?

A

They pre-positioned emergency supplies ahead of the typhoon which meant they could be distributed quickly after the typhoon hit

55
Q

How many evacuation centres were set up after typhoon haiyan?

A

1,200

56
Q

What is atmospheric circulation?

A

The general movements of air around the earth due to pressure and temperature

57
Q

What is an atmospheric hazard?

A

Hazards caused by the weather and processes in the atmosphere

58
Q

What is carbon capture and storage?

A

The process of capturing carbon dioxide that would normally be emitted into the atmosphere and storing it underground in reservoirs

59
Q

What is a conservative plate margin?

A

A plate margin where tow plates are moving alongside each other

60
Q

What is a constructive plate margin?

A

A plate margin where two plates are moving away from each other

61
Q

What is the continental crust ?

A

The thicker, less dense crust that makes up the continents

62
Q

What is a convection current?

A

The movement of a fluid caused by a difference in temperature or density

63
Q

What is a destructive plate margin?

A

A plate margin where two plats are moving towards each other

64
Q

What is a Ferrell cell?

A

At around 60 degrees either side of the equator, moist air rises, and travels to lower latitudes at around 30 degrees where it sinks, along with air travelling from the equator

65
Q

What is a Hadley cell?

A

At the equator, hot moist air rises, moves to higher latitudes and sinks

66
Q

What are immediate responses?

A

Actions taken asa soon as the hazard happens and in its immediate aftermath

67
Q

What are long term responses?

A

Actions taken after the immediate responses when the effects of the hazard have been minimised

68
Q

What is an Oceanic crust?

A

The thinner, denser crust that makes up the ocean floor

69
Q

What is a polar cell?

A

At 60 degrees north or south of the equator, moist air rises, and travels to the poles, where it sinks

70
Q

What are primary effects?

A

The effects that are directly caused by the hazard itself

71
Q

What is a quaternary period?

A

The geological time period that started 2.6 million years ago and extends into the present

72
Q

What is a quaternary period?

A

The geological time period that started 2.6 million years ago and extends into the present

73
Q

What are secondary effects?

A

The effects that are a result of the primary effects of

74
Q

What are abiotic components?

A

Non-living environmental factors

75
Q

What is a biome?

A

A large, distinct region of the earth with similar climate, soil, plants and animals

76
Q

What are Biotic components?

A

Living organisms

77
Q

What are decomposes?

A

Organisms that break down organic material and release the nutrients back into he ecosystem

78
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A natural system in which a community of plants and animals interact with each other and their physical environment

Ellie Owen (27 decks)

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