biology topic 3-infection and response

Question 1

what is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

a disease that can spread from one person to another

Question 2

what is a pathogen?

Answer 2

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

what is a vector organism?

Answer 3

carries the pathogen but does not get the disease itself

Question 4

what is a non-communicable disease?

Answer 4

a disease that you can’t catch or spread and is a result of your lifestyle

Question 5

what is a placebo?

Answer 5

fake drug that does nothing

Question 6

what is a blind trial?

Answer 6

only doctors know which drug is used

Question 7

what is a double blind trial?

Answer 7

no one knows which drug is used

Question 8

what are the stages of drug testing?

Answer 8

1. testing computer models
2. animal testing
3. healthy volunteers
4. tested on diseased people
5. companies receive approval

Question 9

what is penicillin and what does it do?

Answer 9

an antibiotic that interferes with the building of the bacterial cell wall

Question 10

what do antibiotics do?

Answer 10

-attack pathogens and kill bacteria
-prevent bacteria from making new cells

Question 11

what do antitoxins do?

Answer 11

neutralise any toxins made by the pathogen

Question 12

what does a lymphocyte do when it meets the antigen?

Answer 12

reproduces quickly and makes new copies of an antibody

Question 13

how can pathogens spread?

Answer 13

-water
-air
-direct contact

Question 14

what are protists?

Answer 14

single celled eukaryotes

Question 15

why is mucus secreted from the trachea and bronchi?

Answer 15

to trap pathogens

Question 16

how does the skin protect the body from pathogens?

Answer 16

acts as a barrier

Question 17

why does your stomach produce hydrochloric acid?

Answer 17

to kill pathogens that make it passed the mouth

Question 18

what are monoclonal antibodies and what do they do?

Answer 18

identical antibodies that only target one specific protein antigen

Question 19

what are monoclonal antibodies used in?

Answer 19

pregnancy tests

Question 20

what are the different types of plant defence?

Answer 20

-physical defence
-chemical defences
-mechanical defences

Question 21

what are common signs of disease in plants?

Answer 21

-patches of decay
-stunted growth
-abnormal growths
-spots on leaves
-malformed stem or leaves
-discolouration

Question 22

what are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?

Answer 22

-swollen lymph nodes
-purplish spots

Question 24

how is tobacco mosaic virus spread?

Answer 24

human contact

Question 25

how can the spread of HIV/AIDS be prevented?

Answer 25

-use of condoms -changing needles

Question 26

how is rose black spot transmitted?

Answer 26

water and wind

Question 27

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 27

-discharge(green/yellow)
bleeding between periods

Question 28

what are the symptoms of malaria?

Answer 28

flu-like and fevers

Question 29

how is measles spread?

Answer 29

inhalation of droplets from sneezes or coughs

Question 30

what are the symptoms of rose black spot?

Answer 30

black spots on petals

Question 31

what are the symptoms of salmonella?

Answer 31

vomiting and diarreha

Question 32

how do antitoxins work?

Answer 32

neutralising toxins made by the pathogen

Question 33

what is a pathogen?

Answer 33

a microorganism that causes disease