biology topic 3-infection and response Flashcards
what is a communicable disease?
a disease that can spread from one person to another
what is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease
what is a vector organism?
carries the pathogen but does not get the disease itself
what is a non-communicable disease?
a disease that you can’t catch or spread and is a result of your lifestyle
what is a placebo?
fake drug that does nothing
what is a blind trial?
only doctors know which drug is used
what is a double blind trial?
no one knows which drug is used
what are the stages of drug testing?
- testing computer models
- animal testing
- healthy volunteers
- tested on diseased people
- companies receive approval
what is penicillin and what does it do?
an antibiotic that interferes with the building of the bacterial cell wall
what do antibiotics do?
-attack pathogens and kill bacteria
-prevent bacteria from making new cells
what do antitoxins do?
neutralise any toxins made by the pathogen
what does a lymphocyte do when it meets the antigen?
reproduces quickly and makes new copies of an antibody
how can pathogens spread?
-water
-air
-direct contact
what are protists?
single celled eukaryotes
why is mucus secreted from the trachea and bronchi?
to trap pathogens
how does the skin protect the body from pathogens?
acts as a barrier
why does your stomach produce hydrochloric acid?
to kill pathogens that make it passed the mouth
what are monoclonal antibodies and what do they do?
identical antibodies that only target one specific protein antigen
what are monoclonal antibodies used in?
pregnancy tests
what are the different types of plant defence?
-physical defence
-chemical defences
-mechanical defences
what are common signs of disease in plants?
-patches of decay
-stunted growth
-abnormal growths
-spots on leaves
-malformed stem or leaves
-discolouration
what are the symptoms of HIV/AIDS?
-swollen lymph nodes
-purplish spots
how is tobacco mosaic virus spread?
human contact
how can the spread of HIV/AIDS be prevented?
-use of condoms -changing needles
how is rose black spot transmitted?
water and wind
what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea?
-discharge(green/yellow)
bleeding between periods
what are the symptoms of malaria?
flu-like and fevers
how is measles spread?
inhalation of droplets from sneezes or coughs
what are the symptoms of rose black spot?
black spots on petals
what are the symptoms of salmonella?
vomiting and diarreha
how do antitoxins work?
neutralising toxins made by the pathogen
what is a pathogen?
a microorganism that causes disease
