Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ellie Owen > biology topic 1- cells > Flashcards

biology topic 1- cells Flashcards

1
Q

where in a plant cell does photosynthesis take place?

A

in chloroplasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what does the cell membrane do?

A

controls what goes in and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what keeps a plant cell rigid?

A

cell wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are only visible with an electron microscope?

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is visible with a light microscope?

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the equation for magnification?

A

magnification=
image size/real size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the equation for the magnification of the microscope?

A

magnification of the microscope=
magnification of eyepiece/magnification of object

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what do you need to do to convert micrometres to mm?

A

divide by 100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what do electron microscopes use instead of light?

A

beams of electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where in the cell does protein synthesis happen?

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the light microscope used for?

A

study living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what part of the cell contains DNA and controls the cell?

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where in the cell do chemical reactions happen?

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do electron microscopes provide higher of?

A

magnification + resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how are the alveoli specialised to maximise the diffusion of CO2 and O2?

A

-an enormous surface area
-a moist lining for dissolving gas
-very thin walls
-a good blood supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what part of a plant cell stores sap?

A

vacuole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is osmosis?

A

diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is diffusion?

A

movement of particles from high to low concentrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what part of the cell releases energy by respiration?

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is resolution?

A

the degree in which it is possible to distinguish between two objects that are very close together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is active transport?

A

the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to higher concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are eukaryotic cells?

A

-plants and animals
-have a nucleus that surrounds DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are prokaryotic cells?

A

-bacterial
-do not have a nucleus the DNA is called plasmid

24
Q

what is a genome?

A

an entire set of gentle material in an organism to help cure disease

25
Q

what are stem cells?

A

a cell of multicellular organism which is capable of giving more cells of the same type

26
Q

what is binary fission?

A

the process that bacteria cells use to create copies of themselves (reproduce)

27
Q

what happens in mitosis?

A

the cell ha produced two new daughter cells containing exactly the same DNA

28
Q

where can adult stem cells be found?

A

-brain
-eyes
-blood
-heart
-liver
-bone marrow
-skin
-muscle

29
Q

Why must inoculating loops be sterilised by passing them through a Bunsen burner flame?

A

To kill any bacteria present

30
Q

What are chromosomes made up of?

A

Chromosomes consist of dna molecules combined with proteins

31
Q

What are plasmids?

A

-small, circular loops of DNA found free in the cytoplasm
-carry genes that provide genetic advantages

32
Q

List the components of both plant and animal cells

A

-nucleus
-cytoplasm
-cell membrane
-mitochondria
-ribosomes

33
Q

List the cell components fount in ONLY plant cells

A

-chloroplast
-permanent vacuole
-cell wall

34
Q

Describe the structure of the cytoplasm

A

-fluid component of the cell
-contains organelles, enzymes and dissolved ions + nutrients

35
Q

Describe how sperm cells in animals are adapted to their function

A

-nucleus contains genetic information
-tail enables movement
-mitochondria provide energy for tail movement

36
Q

Describe how nerve cells in animals are adapted to their function

A

-long axon allows electrical impulses to be transmitted all over the body
-dendrites from cell body connect to + receive impulses from other nerve cells, muscles and glands

37
Q

Describe how muscle cells are adapted to their function

A

-arrangement of protein filaments allow them to slide over each other to produce muscle contraction
-mitochondria to provide energy for muscle contraction

38
Q

Describe how root hair cells in plant are adapted to their function

A

-large surface ares to absorb nutrients from surrounding soil
-thin walls that do not restrict water absorption

39
Q

Describe how xylem cells in plants are adapted to their function

A

-no upper or lower margins between cells to provide a continuous route for water to flow
-thick, woody side walls strengthen structure + prevent collapse

40
Q

Describe how phloem cells in plants are adapted to their function

A

-sieve plants let dissolved amino acids + sugars be transported up + down the stem
-comparison cells provide energy needed for active transport of substances along the phloem

41
Q

What is cell differenation?

A

The process by which cells become specialised

42
Q

Define magnification

A

Number of times bigger an image appears compared to the size of the real object

43
Q

Define resolution

A

Smallest distance between two objects that can be distinguished

44
Q

What is a gene?

A

A section of DNA which codes for a protein

45
Q

How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human body cells?

A

46

46
Q

How many chromosomes are found in the nucleus of gametes?

A

23

47
Q

What are the three main stages of the cell cycle?

A

1-replication of DNA and synthesis organelles
2-mitosis
3-division of cell

48
Q

Why is mitosis important?

A

-produces identical cells which all have the same genetic information
-produces additional cells for growth and repair

49
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

An unspecialised cell which is capable of differentiating into other cell types and of self-renewal

50
Q

What is the function of stem cells in embryos?

A

-Can replicate themselves and differentiate Into many other types of cells
-May be able to treat conditions such as paralysis and diabetes by dividing to replace damaged cells

51
Q

What is the function of stem cells in adult bone marrow?

A

Adult stem cells can differentiate into several cell types to replace dead or damaged tissues

52
Q

What is the function of stem cells in plant meristems?

A

Meristem stem cells retain the ability to differentiate into any type of plant cell throughout their lifespan -they can differentiate into any cell which is required by the plant

53
Q

What is therapeutic cloning?

A

A cloning method when an embryo is produced with the same genetic makeup as the patient

54
Q

What are the advantages of cloning plants using meristem stem cells?

A

-can prevent rare plants from becoming extinct
-can produce large numbers of plants with a favourable characteristic
-can produce identical plants for research

55
Q

What are the issues associated with the use of stem cells?

A

-development of stem cells therapies is slow, expensive and difficult
-adult stem cells infected with viruses could transfer infections to patients

56
Q

What three factors affect the rate of diffusion?

A

-concentration gradient
-temperature
-surface area

57
Q

How are single celled organisms adapted for diffusion?

A

They have a large surface area to volume ratio-maximises the rate of diffusion of molecules to meet the organism’s needs

Ellie Owen (28 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions