chemistry topic 1- atomic structure and periodic table

Question 1

what is a molecule?

Answer 1

two or more atoms chemically joined

Question 2

what happens as you go down the alkali metals?

Answer 2

they get more reactive

Question 3

how are the groups arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 3

by atomic mass

Question 4

what did Bohr discover?

Answer 4

electrons are contained in a shell

Question 5

what is the charge of a proton?

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

what is the charge of a neutron?

Answer 6

0

Question 7

what is the charge of an electron?

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

what is an element?

Answer 8

1 type of atom

Question 9

what does chromatography separate?

Answer 9

substance dissolved in solvent

Question 10

what does filtration separate?

Answer 10

solids, liquids and solutions

Question 11

what does evaporation separate?

Answer 11

soluble solids dissolved in liquid

Question 12

what does distillation separate?

Answer 12

2 or more different liquids

Question 13

what do all acids have in them?

Answer 13

the H+ ion

Question 14

what is a compound?

Answer 14

2 or more types of elements chemically joined

Question 15

what did the plum pudding model show?

Answer 15

showed the atom as a ball of positive charge with electrons

Question 16

what is an isotope?

Answer 16

elements with a different number of neutrons but the same number of protons

Question 17

what does ductile mean?

Answer 17

when you stretch it gradually it will get thinner and become wire

Question 18

what colour is bromine and what state is it?

Answer 18

red-brown
liquid

Question 19

what colour is iodine and what state is it?

Answer 19

purple vapour

Question 20

what colour is fluorine and what state is it?

Answer 20

yellow
gas

Question 21

what colour is chlorine and what state is it?

Answer 21

green
gas

Question 22

where are alkali metals
stored?

Answer 22

in oil

Question 23

what are the characteristics of alkali metals?

Answer 23

-stored in oil
-indicator goes purple
-burst to flames in water
-get larger going down the group
-easy to cut

Question 24

what happens when indicator is added to an alkali metal?

Answer 24

goes purple

Question 25

what test is used to test for alkali metals?

Answer 25

squeaky pop

Question 26

what are the characteristics of the group 7-halogens?

Answer 26

• non-metals
  -reactivity decreases going down

Question 27

what are the characteristics of the transition elements?

Answer 27

-good conductors of electricity
-opposite properties to group 1
-more dense
-hard
-low reactivity

Question 28

what happens in the paper chromatography practical?

Answer 28

1)add a spot of ink to a line on filter paper with pencil
2)place in solvent and put lid on
3)solvent seeps up carrying ink
4)different dyes-different rates
5)take paper out and dry
6)pattern of results called a chromatogram

Question 29

what happens in the filtration practical?

Answer 29

1)filter paper folded into a cone
2)mixture poured on top
3)solid is left in the filter paper

Question 30

what happens in an evaporation practical?

Answer 30

1)pour the solution into an evaporating dish
2)slowly heat
3)solvent evaporates-eventually crystals form

Question 31

what happens in a crystallisation practical?

Answer 31

1)pour solution into evaporating dish + heat
2)some of solvent will evaporate
3)remove from heat and leave to cool
4)salt should crystallize

Question 32

what happens in fractional distillation?

Answer 32

1)put mixture in a flask + put fractioning column on top
2)different liquids evaporate at different temperatures
3)collect first liquid to evaporate and raise heat for the rest

Question 33

what happens in simple distillation?

Answer 33

1)solution is heated-lowest boiling point evaporates first
2)vapour-cooled, condenses + collected
3)rest left in flask

Question 34

who discovered electrons and in what year?

Answer 34

JJ Thompson
1897

Question 35

who came up with the plum pudding model?

Answer 35

JJ Thompson

Question 36

who conducted the alpha particle scattering experiment and came up with the nuclear model of the atom?

Answer 36

Rutherford

Question 37

who proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus?

Answer 37

Bohr

Question 38

who described atoms as a solid sphere?

Answer 38

John Dalton

Question 39

how were the elements organised in the early 1800s?

Answer 39

by atomic weight

Question 40

who left gaps and predicted new elements?

Answer 40

Dmitri Mendeleev

Question 41

how are elements laid out on the modern periodic table?

Answer 41

in order of increasing atomic numbers