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Y8 revision > geog international development & rivers & flooding > Flashcards

geog international development & rivers & flooding Flashcards

1
Q

HIC

A

High Income Country. Examples: USA UK JapanGNI per capita of greater than $12746

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2
Q

LIC

A

Low Income Country. Examples: Kenya Afghanistan Bangladesh. GNI per capita of $1045 or less.

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3
Q

NEE

A

Newly Emerging Economy - a country that has begun to get richer. BRICS Brazil Russia India China South Africa. GNI per capita of more than $1045 but less than $12746

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4
Q

Development

A

The use of resources to improve the standard of living and quality of life of a nation.

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5
Q

Development Indicator

A

are measurable data that helps to show how developed a country is. Geographers use a series of development indicators to compare the development of one country to another.

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6
Q

Life Expectancy

A

The average age people of a given population are likely to live to

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7
Q

GNI

A

gross national income. The total amount of money earned by a nation’s people and businesses calculated by the country’s income ÷ country’s population.

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8
Q

Literacy Rate

A

is the percentage of adults who can read and write.

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9
Q

Infant Mortality Rate

A

The number of children who die under the age of two per 1000 births per year

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10
Q

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

A

the total value of all goods and services provided produced in a country in a year (what everyone earns in a year!) GDP is given in US$.

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11
Q

Purchasing Power Parity PPP

A

means it has been adjusted to account for what this can buy in different countries. This lets us compare countries of all sizes fairly no matter how many or few people they have. Gdp/population

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12
Q

Landlocked

A

An area (country) surrounded by land with no ocean or coastline

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13
Q

Reclaimed land

A

Developing the limited area of usable natural land by adding material such as rocks soil and cement to an area of water to create new land.

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14
Q

Absolute poverty

A

Where people are so poor that they cannot meet basic needs such as food.

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15
Q

Relative poverty

A

Where people are poor compared to the average in their society (but have enough to live on)

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16
Q

Independence

A

The time when a country or region gains political freedom from outside control.

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17
Q

Trade

A

Buying and selling of goods and services between countries.

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18
Q

HDI

A

Human Development Index is a composite indicator used by the United Nations and is made up of a number of important measures such as: GNI per capita; number of years schooling ; life expectancy & calorie intake. The measures range from 0 to 1. An HDI between 0.8 and 1 is high and between 0.6 and 0.4 is low.

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19
Q

HIPC

A

(Heavily Indebted Poor Countries) with high levels of poverty and debt overhand are eligible for special assistance from the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

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20
Q

NGO

A

Charities (such as Oxfam) which help people and are independent of the government.

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21
Q

Aid

A

When a country or NGO donates resources to another country to help it to develop or improve the people’s lives.

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22
Q

Trade

A

Buying and selling goods and services between countries.

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23
Q

TNC

A

transnational corporations Company that has operations (factories, offices, research and shops) in more than one country.

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24
Q

Microfinance

A

When NGO’s give small loans to people to help them to set their own businesses.

25
Q

Quality of Life

A

The general well-being of a person or society defined in terms of health and happiness.

26
Q

Standard of Living

A

The level of wealth and resources/ facilities available to people.

27
Q

Evaporation

A

Water is heated by the sun and turns into water vapour.

28
Q

Transpiration

A

The evaporation of water from plants.

29
Q

Infiltration

A

When water soaks into the soil

30
Q

Throughflow

A

Is when water in the soil moves downhill.

31
Q

Drainage Basin

A

The area of land drained by a river where the water cycle takes place

32
Q

Surface Runoff

A

Is when water flows overground (on top of the land)

33
Q

Percolation

A

When water moves vertically through the soil and rock.

34
Q

Channel Flow

A

Is the flow of water in a river

35
Q

Condensation

A

Is the process of water vapour turning to a liquid as it is cooled

36
Q

Precipitation

A

Is any form of liquid or solid water particles that fall from the atmosphere and reach the surface of the Earth.

37
Q

Groundwater Flow

A

Is when the water in rock flows downhill

38
Q

Soil Moisture

A

Water stored in the soil

39
Q

Interception

A

When water droplets collect on trees or plants.

40
Q

Surface Storage

A

When water lies on the ground as puddles or lakes

41
Q

Drainage Basin

A

The land area from which a river and its tributaries collect rain water passing through soil and rock.

42
Q

Tributaries

A

Smaller branches or streams that join the main river.

43
Q

Watershed

A

High ground that separates 2 neighbouring drainage basins

44
Q

Source

A

The start of a river usually in an upland area

45
Q

Confluence

A

The point where 2 rivers join.

46
Q

Mouth

A

Where water flows into the sea.

47
Q

Estuary

A

Where the mouth is low enough.

48
Q

Hydraulic Action

A

Water that is fast flowing is forced into cracks and over time breaks up the bank.

49
Q

Attrition

A

Rocks and stones knock into each other and wear eachother away.

50
Q

Solution/Corrosion

A

When water dissolves soluble minerals breaking them up.

51
Q

Abrasion

A

Stones scrape against beds and banks and wear them away.

52
Q

Traction

A

Large stones and rocks getting rolled along

53
Q

Saltation

A

Small pebbles bouncing along the river bed

54
Q

Suspension

A

Very fine small light material that is carried along

55
Q

Solution

A

The chemical change caused by dissolving minerals in water

56
Q

Bedload

A

Carrying of heavy materials along the bottom.

57
Q

upper course landforms

A

interlocking spurs, v-shaped valley, waterfall & gorge

58
Q

middle course landforms

A

meanders, floodplains, oxbow lakes, river cliffs, levees

59
Q

lower course landforms

A

estuary, delta, oxbow lakes, river cliffs, levees

Y8 revision (13 decks)

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