Genomic Integrity & Cancer Progression, Nuclear Biomechanics & Cancer Flashcards
How does the body protect stem cells?
Tissues have stem cell compartments that house stem cells
What is the compartment that protects stem cells in the small intestine and the colon?
Colonic crypts
What protects the crypt stem cells in the intestines?
Thick musuc shields the stem cells from toxins in intestines
What cells have the highest turnover rate in the human body?
Enterocytes- digestions from stomach acids
Name some routes of carcinogen exposure
GI - Food/drinks
Skin - Radiation/X-rays
Lungs/airway - Combustion products
What enzymes is responsible for detecting replication errors?
DNA Polymerase
MMR Enzymes
What is the greatest endogenous DNA attacker?
Reactive oxygen species- Oxidation and deamination
What are some exogenous DNA attackers?
Ionising radiation- Can cause the generation of ROS in cells
UV Radiation- Can cross link pyramidine bases (C-C, T-T, C-T)
What can cell passage through constriction lead to?
Nuclear envelope rupture and bleb formation
What are the roles of nuclear lamina?
Responsible for nuclear stiffness
Lower levels of lamin A/C can facilitate migration ith increased apoptosis risk
Whats the difference between repair enzymes and MMR enzymes?
MMR enzymes correct for nucleotides being in the wrong location whereas DNA repair enzymes fix nucleotides of abnormal chemical structure
What must a cancer cell regulate to increase progression?
Instability and mutability
