Genitourinary System (Electrolyte Imbalances) Flashcards
1
Q
What helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?
A
- Thirst mechanism
- Circulating ADH
2
Q
What is Dehydration?
A
Excessive loss of body fluids.
- Fluid output > fluid input
3
Q
What electrolyte deficiency is closely related to dehydration?
A
Sodium Deficiency
4
Q
What can cause dehydration?
A
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Profuse Sweating
- Poor fluid intake
5
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Dehydration?
A
- Poor skin turgor
- headache; irritability
- Postural Hypotension
- Incoordination
- Lethargy
- Disorientation
6
Q
Normal Serum Level of Potassium?
A
3.5 - 5.5 mEq/L
7
Q
Causes of Hypokalemia?
A
- Cushing’s Disease
- Diarrhea
- Vomiting
8
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia? Affect on an EKG?
A
- Muscle Weakness. Aches and Fatigue
- N/V
Cardiac Arrythmias:
- ST Segment Depression
- T wave inversion
- Prominent U Wave
9
Q
Causes of Hyperkalemia?
A
- Addison’s Disease
- Metabolic Acidosis
- Ketoacidosis
- Sickle Cell Anemia
10
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia? (EKG)
A
- Tall/Peaked T waves
- Prolonged P-R interval
- Flattened P- Wave
- Long QRS Duration (wide QRS complex)
11
Q
Normal Serum Sodium Levels?
A
135 - 145mEq/L
12
Q
What can cause Hyponatremia?
A
- Water intoxication
13
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Hyponatremia?
A
- Confusion
- Convulsions
- Increased Intracerebral Pressure
14
Q
What can cause Hypernatremia?
A
- Dehydration
15
Q
Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia?
A
- Circulatory Congestion: Pitting edema, weight gain
- Dyspnea; SOB
- Hypertension
- Tachycardia
