Cancer Flashcards
What are the characteristics of a benign-tumor?
- Localized
- Slow-growing
- Usually Encapsulated
- Non-invasive
What are the characteristics of a metastatic-tumor?
- Invasive
- Rapid Growth
- Life Threatening
What is Metastasis?
Movement of cancer cells from one body part to another
What is Carcinoma?
Malignant tumor of epithelial cells
- Skin
- Stomach
- Colon
- breast
- Rectum
Term for a carcinoma that is a premalignant? What has it not invaded?
Carcinoma in Situ; not invaded the basement membrane
= Grade 0
What is Sarcoma?
Malignant tumor of Connective and Mesodermal Tissue
- Muscle
- Bone
- Fat
What is Lymphoma?
Affecting the Lymphatic System
- Lymphatic leukemia
Treatment Options: Surgery
Curative (Tumor removal following biopsy)
OR
Palliative (relieve pain, correct obstruction)
Treatment Options: Radiation Therapy
Destroys cancer cells, inhibits growth
- Preoperatively to shrink tumors
- Postoperatively kill/prevent residual cancer cells from metastasizing
Treatment Options: Chemotherapy
Drugs; orally, subcutaneously , intramuscularly, intravenously or intrathecally (spinal canal)
- Intermittent doses to allow bone marrow to recover
Treatment Options: Immunotherapy
Strengthen the host’s ability to fight cancer cells:
- Monoclonal Antibodies
- Bone Marrow Transplant
- Hormonal Therapy
What type of pain may be suggestive of metastasis?
Pain at site distal to initial tumor
Most common symptoms reported by all cancer patients?
Cancer-Related Fatigue
Effects of Leukopenia?
Increase susceptibility to infection
Effects of Thrombocytopenia
Increased Bleeding
Effects of Anemia?
Diminished Aerobic Capacity
General Exercise Recommendations given by the ACSM? Intensity
Low to Moderate Intensity (40 - < 60%)
11-13/20 Borg RPE scale
13 on Borg Scale “Somewhat Hard”
General Exercise Recommendations given by the ACSM? Duration and Frequency?
3-5 days/wk, 20-60 minutes/day
Patients with platelet count < 10,000/mm may experience what?
Spontaneous Bleeding
Contraindications to Exercise?
- Day of intravenous chemotherapy
- Severe reaction to radiation therapy
- Severe nausea/vomiting, diarrhea
- Unusual or extreme fatigue
Contraindications to Exercise? Cardiopulmonary
- Chest pain
- Rapid or slow HR
- Elevated BP
- Swollen ankles
- Severe Dyspnea
Cardiovascular Effects of Low PLT?
- SOB
- Fatigue
- Angina
Skin Changes secondary to Low PLT? Thrombocytopenia
- Petechiae
- Purpura
- Ecchymosis
Physical Agents and Modalities Contraindications? Thermal Agents
- Directly over tumor
- Over dysvascular tissue
- Tissue exposed to radiation
- Decreased sensitivity to pain or temperature
- Areas of increased bleed or hemorrhage
