Genitourinary Malformations Flashcards
What is posterior urethral valves?
Who does it tend to effect?
Folds of bladder muscosa blocks the neck of the bladder causing outflow obstruction
Male fetuses
What is Hypospadias?
What can it cause?
abnormal position of external urethral meatus on the ventral penis
LOOK AT PIC
difficulty urinating while standing and cosmetic appearance
What is epispadias?
Meatus on dorsum of penis
What are the following:
- horseshoe kidney
- ARPKD-CHF
- Ectopic kidney
- Renal agensis
- Patent urachus
- Bladder exstrophy
- Double ureter
Cross-fused kidney
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease and congenital hepatic fibrosis
Kidney located in abnormal position
One (unilateral) or both (bilateral) fetal kidneys fail to develop.
Urine leaks from the umbilicus
Protrusion of the urinary bladder through a defect in the abdominal wall
2 ureters
What is Wilms’ Tumour?
Another name?
Presentation?
Imaging?
Commonest site for mets?
M?
Renal tumour in kids with median onset of 3.5 years
Nephroblastoma
Abdominal mass
Pain
Haematuria
Hypertension (due to increased renin)
USS then CT/MRI - Shows distortion of renal anatomy
Lungs
Nephrecetomy plus chemotherapy for most (adjuvant and/or neo-adjuvant)
Disorders of sex development - why is it so important?
Can be devestating and stressful for parents not being able to gender their newborn
Disorders of sex development - what tests can be done to determine the sex of the child?
FISH for X and Y chromosomes plus karyotype
Blood for serum electrolytes, glucose and adrenal androgens, LH/FSH
