Genitourinary/BW Flashcards
what is the most common type of kidney stone?
calcium makes up 85% of kidney stone
what is the most specific imaging modality for diagnosing kidney stones?
CT
Will a spermatocele transilluminate?
Yes
A kidney stone of less than what size will likely pass on its own?
less than 5 mm
List three possible treatments for stress incontinence in women.
Kegels, estrogen therapy, surgical placement of a urethral sling
A 65 year old male presents with frequency. On digital rectal exam you feel an elastic moderately enlarged prostate. What is the most likely diagnosis?
BPH
A PSA above what level should start to make you concerned?
more than 4.0
Give two major risk factors for erectile dysfunction
Diabetes, hypertension, depression, coronary artery disease
List one major risk factor for bladder cancer?
Smoking
Define paraphimosis
foreskin is retracted and cannot by reduced
Which problem is an emergency phimosis or paraphimosis?
Paraphimosis
What is the name of the condition that involves fibrous scar tissue in the penis causing a curvature of the erect penis?
peyronie’s disease
Both testicles should be descended by what age?
3 months
Feeling a bag of worms in the scrotum should make you think of what diagnosis?
varicocele
A fluid filled painless mass found in the scrotum which transilluminates should make you think of what diagnosis?
hydrocele
What is the first line treatment for a varicocele?
Watchful waiting unless there is a question of fertility.
Name the sign which is defined as decreased pain with scrotal elevation?
Prehn’s sign
Maltese crosses in the urine should make you think of what diagnosis?
Nephrotic syndrome
What is the imaging study of choice if you suspect bladder cancer?
Cystoscopy and biopsy
What is the most likely diagnosis for a free floating, painless, cystic mass found posterior and superior to the testis?
spermatocele
What age range is typically associated with testicular torsion?
10-20 years old
Where is the epididymis found?
It is found at the posterior upper pole.
What is the best imaging to rule out testicular torsion?
Doppler U/S for decreased blood flow to the testes.
What are the two most common causes of epididymitis?
Neisseria gonorrhea and chlamydia
What medicaton classes are prescribed in order to help prevent chronic renal failure in diabetic patients?
ACEIs or ARBs
Will epididymitis feel better with scrotal elevation?
Yes