Endocrinology/BW Flashcards
What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin).
What is Sheehan’s syndrome?
Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after childbirth.
How do glitazones work?
They improve insulin sensitivity.
What is the most common pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinoma
Large doughy hands should make you think of what diagnosis?
Gigantism
Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of which hormone?
Vasopressin
How much more potent is T3 than T4?
3-4x
What is the first line medical treatment for pheochromocytoma?
Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker.
What is the best imaging for a thyroid nodule?
Ultrasound
Patient presents with erectile dysfunction and complains of some numbness in his feet. On second thought he has noticed significant polyuria and polydipsia. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?
Diabetic neuropathy
Pretibial myxedema should make you think of what diagnosis?
graves’ disease
A 35 year old female presents with heat intolerance, weight loss and palpitations. What is the most likely diagnosis?
hyperthyroidism
What is the first line medical treatment for a patient who presents with palpitations and nervousness secondary to hyperthyroidism?
beta blockers
What is Hashimoto’s disease?
an autoimmune cause of hypothyroid
How does levothyroxine work?
It helps convert T4 to T3
What is the most common thyroid cancer?
Papillary makes up about 80% of thyroid cancers.
In a patient with hyperthyroidism will TSH most likely be elevated or decreased?
Decreased
How do fibrates work to affect the lipid profile?
They inhibit synthesis of VLDL and elevate lipoprotein lipase.
What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?
Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU).
What is included in Whipple’s triad of hypoglycemia?
History of previous hypoglycemia, serum glucose of <40, immediate recovery upon administration of glucose.
Positive antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?
hashimoto’s
What is the treatment of myxedema?
levothyroxine and slow warming
What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroid?
Post thyroidectomy with the complication of parathyroidectomy.
What is Chvostek’s sign?
Tap on facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca.
Cortical adrenal insufficiency is also known as what
disease?
Addison’s disease
What is trousseau’s sign?
Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3 minutes. Patient with low Ca will get carpel tunnel symptoms.
What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
Single parathyroid adenoma in 80% of cases.
In Cushing’s disease is ACTH elevated or decreased?
Elevated