genetics part one - sadie (definitions)

Question 1

amniocentesis

Answer 1

process of withdrawing amniotic fluid for analysis of cells

Question 2

asexual reproduction

Answer 2

process where a single parents cell reproduces itself (mitosis) - offspring are identical to parent

Question 3

body/somatic cell

Answer 3

human body cells other than sex cells. (diploid)

Question 4

cell plate

Answer 4

A cell plate is a structure that forms when the cytoplasm of a plant cell divides.

Question 5

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Answer 5

prenatal test from a tissue sample in the placenta used to check genetic issues (vaginal test)

Question 6

chromatin

Answer 6

long and stringy forms of chromosomes in interphase (not condense)

Question 7

chromosome

Answer 7

threadlike strands with DNA in them found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells. can duplicate or unduplicated)

Question 8

cleavage furrow

Answer 8

where the cell pinches in during mitosis for cell divison

Question 9

complementary base pair rule

Answer 9

A is always with T and C is always with G

Question 10

crossing over

Answer 10

when non-sister chromatids cross over when paired
during prophase I of meiosis to allow exchange of genetic material

Question 11

cytokinesis

Answer 11

divison of cytoplasm

Question 12

DNA

Answer 12

double helix nucleotides, two functions: allow transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring, and codes of sequence of amino acids and proteins

Question 13

diploid cell

Answer 13

cells that have two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set from each parents

Question 14

gamete

Answer 14

sex cell (sperm or egg cell)

Question 15

gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)

Answer 15

the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes

Question 16

gene

Answer 16

segments of DNA (locus)

Question 17

haploid cell

Answer 17

cells that have one set of chromosomes (n) ex. human gametes (which 23 chomosomes)

Question 18

heredity

Answer 18

the passing of traits/genetic info from parent to offspring

Question 19

karyotype vs. karyogram

Answer 19

the karyotype is a picture of the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cells and a karyogram is a picture of the chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs, from largest to smallest (much easier to read)

Question 20

locus/loci

Answer 20

location of a gene on a chromosome

Question 21

meosis

Answer 21

a type of cell division that result in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (either sperm or egg cells)

Question 22

mitosis

Answer 22

process in which duplicated chromosome separate from growth, repair and replacement or for reproduction

Question 23

monosomy

Answer 23

missing a chromosome

Question 24

mitrogenous base (A,T, C, G)

Answer 24

the middle part of DNA

Question 25

nondisjunction

Answer 25

incorrect cell divison during production of female (common) and male (rare) gametes which occurs in either meiosis I or II

Question 26

nucleotide

Answer 26

building block of DNA made of sugar + phosphate + base

Question 27

polypoid

Answer 27

cells that have more then two sets of chromosomes (ex. seedless watermelon)

Question 28

sexual reproduction

Answer 28

individuals are produced from fusion of two gametes. offspring are genetically different to each parent, and rarely genetically identical to each other (twins)

Question 29

syndrome

Answer 29

group of disorders that occur together

Question 30

trait

Answer 30

a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes

Question 31

trisomy

Answer 31

having an extra chromosome

Question 32

zygote

Answer 32

fertilized egg - diploid (sperm + egg)

Question 33

genetics

Answer 33

the study of heredity and variation

Question 34

watson and crick

Answer 34

proposed the double helix structure of DNA

Question 35

three stages of interphase

Answer 35

G1, S, G2

Question 36

G1

Answer 36

organelles and cytoplasm doubles

Question 37

s

Answer 37

chromosomes double

Question 38

G2

Answer 38

final growth and organization