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biology grade 11 > genetics part one - sadie (definitions) > Flashcards

genetics part one - sadie (definitions) Flashcards

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1
Q

amniocentesis

A

process of withdrawing amniotic fluid for analysis of cells

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2
Q

asexual reproduction

A

process where a single parents cell reproduces itself (mitosis) - offspring are identical to parent

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3
Q

body/somatic cell

A

human body cells other than sex cells. (diploid)

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4
Q

cell plate

A

A cell plate is a structure that forms when the cytoplasm of a plant cell divides.

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5
Q

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

A

prenatal test from a tissue sample in the placenta used to check genetic issues (vaginal test)

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6
Q

chromatin

A

long and stringy forms of chromosomes in interphase (not condense)

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7
Q

chromosome

A

threadlike strands with DNA in them found in nucleus of eukaryotic cells. can duplicate or unduplicated)

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8
Q

cleavage furrow

A

where the cell pinches in during mitosis for cell divison

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9
Q

complementary base pair rule

A

A is always with T and C is always with G

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10
Q

crossing over

A

when non-sister chromatids cross over when paired
during prophase I of meiosis to allow exchange of genetic material

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11
Q

cytokinesis

A

divison of cytoplasm

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12
Q

DNA

A

double helix nucleotides, two functions: allow transmission of genetic traits from parent to offspring, and codes of sequence of amino acids and proteins

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13
Q

diploid cell

A

cells that have two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set from each parents

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14
Q

gamete

A

sex cell (sperm or egg cell)

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15
Q

gametogenesis (spermatogenesis and oogenesis)

A

the process in which cells undergo meiosis to form gametes

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16
Q

gene

A

segments of DNA (locus)

17
Q

haploid cell

A

cells that have one set of chromosomes (n) ex. human gametes (which 23 chomosomes)

18
Q

heredity

A

the passing of traits/genetic info from parent to offspring

19
Q

karyotype vs. karyogram

A

the karyotype is a picture of the number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cells and a karyogram is a picture of the chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs, from largest to smallest (much easier to read)

20
Q

locus/loci

A

location of a gene on a chromosome

21
Q

meosis

A

a type of cell division that result in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell (either sperm or egg cells)

22
Q

mitosis

A

process in which duplicated chromosome separate from growth, repair and replacement or for reproduction

23
Q

monosomy

A

missing a chromosome

24
Q

mitrogenous base (A,T, C, G)

A

the middle part of DNA

25
Q

nondisjunction

A

incorrect cell divison during production of female (common) and male (rare) gametes which occurs in either meiosis I or II

26
Q

nucleotide

A

building block of DNA made of sugar + phosphate + base

27
Q

polypoid

A

cells that have more then two sets of chromosomes (ex. seedless watermelon)

28
Q

sexual reproduction

A

individuals are produced from fusion of two gametes. offspring are genetically different to each parent, and rarely genetically identical to each other (twins)

29
Q

syndrome

A

group of disorders that occur together

30
Q

trait

A

a characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes

31
Q

trisomy

A

having an extra chromosome

32
Q

zygote

A

fertilized egg - diploid (sperm + egg)

33
Q

genetics

A

the study of heredity and variation

34
Q

watson and crick

A

proposed the double helix structure of DNA

35
Q

three stages of interphase

A

G1, S, G2

36
Q

G1

A

organelles and cytoplasm doubles

37
Q

s

A

chromosomes double

38
Q

G2

A

final growth and organization

biology grade 11 (4 decks)

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