genetics part one Flashcards
key term : diploid cell
a cell with two sets of chromosomes (2n) one set from each parent.
key term : gamete
sex cell (egg or sperm)
key terms: gametogenesis
spermatogenesis
oogenesis
the process in which cell undergo meiosis to form gametes
key term : gene
a segment of DNA
key term : haploid cell
a cell with one set of chromosomes e.g. gametes/ssex cells
key term : CVS
a prenatal test from a tissue sample in the placenta to determine genetic issues
key term : heredity
the passing of traits/genetic info from parent to offspring
key term : karyotype
a picture of the number and appearances of chromosomes in a nucleus
key term : karyogram
a picture of chromosomes in homologous pairs from smallest to biggest.
key term : locus/loci
where genes are located on a chromosome
key term : meiosis
a type of cell division that goes from germ cells to sex cells. result is 4 daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
key term : chromosome
a thread strand with DNA in it found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
key term : mitosis
the process in which a cell divides (duplicated chromosomes separate)
key term : monosomy
missing a chromosome
key term : nitrogen bases
the middle of the DNA
key term : non-disjunction
incorrect cell division during production of female (common) and male (rare) gametes, occurs in meiosis one or two
key term : nucleotide
building block of DNA, made of sugar, phosphate and base
Key term : polyploid
a cell with more then 2 sets of chromosomes e.g. seedless watermelon
key term : sexual reproduction
individuals are produce from the fusion of two gametes, offspring is genetically different
key term : syndrome
group of disorders that occur together
key term : trait
a characteristics that an organism passing onto its offspring through genes
key term : trisomy
having an extra chromosome
key term : zygote
fertilized egg (sperm and egg) (diploid)
key term : genetics
the study of heredity and variation
key term : watson and crick
first proposed the double helix structure of DNA
key term : cell plate
structure that forms when the cytoplasm of a plant cell divides
key term : chromatin
long and stringy forms of chromosomes in interphase (not condense)
key term : asexual reproduction
process where a parent cell makes an offspring identical to its self through mitosis.
key term : aminocentresis
process of withdrawing amino fluid for analysis of cells
key term : cleavage furrow
where the plant cell pinches in during mitosis for cell division
key term : cytokinesis
divison of cytoplasm
key term : body/somatic cell
human body cell other than sex cells
key term : DNA
double helix structure/ladder with 2 functions
where are chromosomes found
in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell
what is a eukaryotic cell
a cell with a nucleus
what is DNA made of
nucleotides