Genetics 2 - key Kerms

Question 1

Dominant Alleles

Answer 1

An allele where the trait always shows up when that allele is present (T)

Question 2

Recessive allele

Answer 2

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Question 3

Amino acid

Answer 3

Building blocks of protein made from 3 DNA bases (codons)

Question 4

Co-dominance

Answer 4

When neither of the two alleles of a gene are dominant or recessive

Question 5

Condon/triplet

Answer 5

3 bases of mRNA that code amino acid

Question 6

Dihybrid crosses

Answer 6

Cross involving 2 traits

Question 7

Monohybrid crosses

Answer 7

Cross involving only 1 trait

Question 8

Dominance

Answer 8

A characteristic in which an allele that expresses its phenotype even in presence of recessive allele

Question 9

Enzyme

Answer 9

Protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Question 10

Genotype

Answer 10

The genes themselves (“BB”)

Question 11

Gregor Mendel

Answer 11

Laid the foundation of genetics with his experiments with pea plants

Question 12

Heterozygous

Answer 12

Having two different alleles for a trait (Bb)

Question 13

HGP

Answer 13

Human genome project, an international project that mapped and sequenced the entire human genome

Question 14

Homozygous

Answer 14

An organism that had 2 identical alleles for a trait (BB, bb)

Question 15

Incomplete dominance

Answer 15

Neither allele is dominant over the other. A heterozygous gene creates a blending of both (ex. rw is pink)

Question 16

Multiple allele

Answer 16

Having 3 or more alternate alleles of a gene (ABO blood types)

Question 17

Phenotype

Answer 17

The physical appearance of an individual (ex. Brown eyes)

Question 18

Sex-linked trait/inheritance

Answer 18

Traits that are found on the X chromosome. Females must receive alleles to express the trait whereas males only need one

Question 19

Test crosses

Answer 19

Determine if unknown genotype is heterozygous or homozygous dominant

Question 20

T.H. Morgan

Answer 20

American geneticist that studied inheritance patterns in fruit flies

Question 21

Hemophilia

Answer 21

Hereditary disease where your blood fails to clot

Question 22

Polypeptide

Answer 22

Protein

Question 23

Uracil

Answer 23

Nitrogen base that pairs with A in mRNA replaces T

Question 24

When was HGP launched

Answer 24

1990

Question 25

When was HGP completed

Answer 25

2003

Question 26

Genetic engineering techniques

Answer 26

Used to insert genes from one organism to another (ex. Corn is modified to make it more pest resistant)

Question 27

Law of segregation

Answer 27

Mendel’s law that states that each parent contributes 1 of 2 alleles, and there is an equal chance of getting either allele