Genetics Part 2 Flashcards
responsible for coding outward appearance and inward components of a persons cells
structural genes
code for proteins which turn genes on and off
regulatory genes
errors of the genetic code
mutations
occurs when broken pieces of a chromosome attach to the wrong chromosome
translocation
occurs when a segment of a chromosome breaks off and is lost
deletion
occurs when a segment breaks off and reattaches in the correct place but inverted upside down
inversion
when one or more nucleotide in the sequence is changed in the sequence
point mutations
when a nucleotide is removed and replaced with a different nucleotide
substitution
occurs when an extra nucleotide is placed in the sequence causing a frameshift when all of the nucleotides in the DNA are shifted down by one
addition
when a nucleotide is removed from the DNA causing a frameshift
deletion
the presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes
aneuploidy mutation
instead of a homologous pair there are three chromosomes
trisomy
instead of a homologous pair there is just one chromosome
monosomy
small changes you see in a species over time
microevolution
the theory that massive changes take place over long periods of time altering a species into something very different
macroevolution
good origins
eugenetics
the believe that people with desirable qualities should breed more to increase desirable traits in the population
positive eugenics
the belief that people with undesirable qualities should breed less or not at all to prevent those traits from being passed on to the next generations
negative eugenics
genetic duplicates
cloning
when genes of an organism are changed through artificial means to alter an organisms phenotype
genetic engineering
