Genetics Part 1 Flashcards
The father of modern genetics
Gregor Mendel
passing on physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to the next
heredity
when a plant has both gametes and fertilizes itself
self-polination
the male gamete of one plant fertilizes the female gamete of another plant
cross-pollination
a plant which has only been self pollinated
purebred
a genetic trait that has a higher likelihood of being passed on to the next generation
dominant trait
a genetic trait that is not as likely to be passed on to the next generation
recessive trait
different version of the same genes
allele
the combination of alleles carried by an organism whether dominant or recessive
Genotype
what the organism actually looks like
phenotype
when an organism has two copies of the same allele
homozygous
when an organism has two different copies of an allele
heterozygous
the segregation of the alleles into the gametes of an organism is random
law of segregation
a simple way to depict genetic crosses and determine the probability of a specific genotype or phenotype
punnett square
the process of observing the offspring of a plant to determine if the parent plant is homozygous or heterozygous
test cross
crosses that only look at one trait of an organism
monohybrid crosses
alleles of two or more different genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another
law of independent assortment
the type of cross that deals with two different pairs of traits at the same time
dihybrid cross
when two alleles are both expressed
incomplete dominance
when two alleles for a gene are both expressed but the characteristics are seen side by side
codominance
an embryologist who used fruit flies to discover sex-linked traits
Thomas Hunt Morgan
traits coded for only on the x chromosome
X-linked traits
an individual who doesn’t exhibit a trait but carried the gene for the trait
carrier
when a single trait is controlled by multiple sets of genes
polygenic inheritance
