Genetics Part 1 Flashcards
The father of modern genetics
Gregor Mendel
passing on physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to the next
heredity
when a plant has both gametes and fertilizes itself
self-polination
the male gamete of one plant fertilizes the female gamete of another plant
cross-pollination
a plant which has only been self pollinated
purebred
a genetic trait that has a higher likelihood of being passed on to the next generation
dominant trait
a genetic trait that is not as likely to be passed on to the next generation
recessive trait
different version of the same genes
allele
the combination of alleles carried by an organism whether dominant or recessive
Genotype
what the organism actually looks like
phenotype
when an organism has two copies of the same allele
homozygous
when an organism has two different copies of an allele
heterozygous
the segregation of the alleles into the gametes of an organism is random
law of segregation
a simple way to depict genetic crosses and determine the probability of a specific genotype or phenotype
punnett square
the process of observing the offspring of a plant to determine if the parent plant is homozygous or heterozygous
test cross
