GENETICS

Question 1

WHAT OCCURS DURING PROPHASE I?

Answer 1

1. CONDENSE CHROMOSOMES
2. NUC. ENVELOPE BREAKDOWN
3. HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES PAIR WITH EACH OTHER IN SYNAPSIS AND ALIGN (TETRAD)
   GENES ARE SWAPPED (CROSSING OVER)

Question 2

WHAT OCCURS DURING METAPHASE I?

Answer 2

DNA ALIGNMENT LEADING TO CHROMOSOME CUTTING AT THE SAME LOCATION

Question 3

WHAT OCCURS DURING ANAPHASE I?

Answer 3

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE AND SISTER CHROMATIDS REMAIN TOGETHER = NOW HAPLOID

Question 4

WHAT OCCURS DURING TELOPHASE I?

Answer 4

BEGINNING MEIOSIS II WITH SISTER CHROMATIDS

Question 5

WHAT OCCURS DURING TELOPHASE II?

Answer 5

4 HAPLOID CELLS FROM SINGLE DIPLOID PARENT

Question 6

WHAT IS NONDISJUNCTION?

Answer 6

FAILURE OF CHROMOSOMES TO SEPARATE DURING MEIOSIS RESULTING IN 2 COPIES OR NO COPIES OF CHROMOSOMES

Question 7

WHAT IS THE RULE OF MULTIPLICATION?

Answer 7

BOTH EVENTS OCCURRING

X AND Y

Question 8

WHAT IS THE RULE OF ADDITION?

Answer 8

EITHER EVENTS OCCURRING

X OR Y

Question 9

WHAT IS INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE?

Answer 9

IF A PHENOTYPE OF A HETEROZYGOTE IS A BLENDED MIX OF BOTH ALLELES
EX: PINK

Question 10

WHAT IS CODOMINANCE?

Answer 10

2 ALLELES BOTH EXPRESSED, NOT BLENDED 
EX: BLOOD TYPES
- I(A) + I(B) --> LEADS TO A TYPE AB 
- I(A) + I(i) --> LEADS TO A TYPE A
- I(i) --> LEADS TO A TYPE O

Question 11

WHAT IS THE UNIVERSAL BLOOD ACCEPTOR?

Answer 11

AB

Question 12

WHAT IS THE UNIVERSAL BLOOD DONOR?

Answer 12

O

Question 13

WHAT IS POLYGENISM?

Answer 13

COMPLEX TRAITS ARE INFLUENCED BY MANY DIFF GENES

EX: HEIGHT, HAIR COLOR

Question 14

WHAT IS PENETRANCE?

Answer 14

DESCRIBES LIKELIHOOD THAT A PERSON WITH A CERTAIN GENOTYPE WILL EXPRESS AN EXPECTED PHENOTYPE

Question 15

WHAT IS EPISTASIS?

Answer 15

EXPRESSION OF ALLELES FOR ONE GENE IS DEPENDENT ON A DIFF GENE
EX: CURLY HAIR GENE WONT EXPRESS IF ANOTHER GENE CAUSES BALDNESS

Question 16

WHAT IS LINKAGE?

Answer 16

FAILURE OF GENES TO DISPLAY INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT

- GENES CLOSE TO EACHOTHER ON SAME CHROMOSOME, PROBS WONT BE INHERITED INDEPENDENTLY

Question 17

AUTOSOMAL

Answer 17

TRAITS CAUSED BY GENETIC VARIATION ON THE AUTOSOMES (22 PAIRS OF NONSEX CHROMOSOMES)

Question 18

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 18

SINGLE COPY OF ALLELE WILL CONFER THE TRAIT OR DISEASE PHENOTYPE
-AFFECTS MALES AND FEMALES EQUALLY

Question 19

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 19

TWO COPIES OF ALLELE WILL CONFER THE TRAIT OR DISEASE PHENOTYPE
-AFFECTS MALES AND FEMALES EQUALLY

Question 20

MITOCHONDRIAL INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 20

MOMS AFFECTING SONS AND DAUGHTERS

- ONLY AFFECTED MOMS PASS ONTO THE AFFECTED CHILDREN

Question 21

Y LINKED INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 21

ONLY PASSED FROM DAD TO SON

- RARE

Question 22

X LINKED DOMINANT INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 22

FEMALE WILL DISPLAY DOMINANT PHENOTYPE

• MALE RECEIVES FROM MOM
• HARDER TO IDENTIFY

Question 23

X LINKED RECESSIVE INHERITANCE PATTERNS

Answer 23

FEMALES ARE OFTEN CARRIERS

• MALE RECEIVES FROM AND ALWAYS EXPRESS; AFFECTS MALES MORE THAN FEMALES
• EX: HEMOPHILA

Question 24

WHAT ARE THE HARDY WEINGBERG PRINCIPLES?

Answer 24

THERE IS:

1. NO MUTATION
2. NO NATURAL SELECTION
3. NO MIGRATION
4. RANDOM MATING
5. POP IS ADEQUATELY LARGE ENOUGH TO PREVENT RANDOM DRIFTS IN ALLELE FREQUENCIES

Question 25

WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR THE HARDY WEINGBERG PRINCIPLES?

Answer 25

P + Q = 1

P^2 + 2PQ + Q^2 = 1

Question 26

WHAT IS TAXONOMIC ACRONYM?

Answer 26

DUMB KING PHILLIP CANT ORDER FRIES GOOD SHIT