ENZYMES, HORMONES, AND PROTEINS

Question 1

TRANSPOSASE

Answer 1

CUT AND PASTE FUNCTION IN TRANSPOSONS

Question 2

DNA GYRASE

Answer 2

SUPERCOILING FUNCTION IN PROKARYOTES

Question 3

RESTRICTION ENZYMES

Answer 3

ENZYMES THAT CUT UP DNA: SINCE PROK. DNA IS LOCATED IN THE CYTOPLASM, RESTRICTION ENZYMES CUT UP VIRAL AND REGULAR DNA

Question 4

POLYMERASES

Answer 4

FORM POLYMERS

Question 5

HELICASE

Answer 5

UNWINDS DNA

Question 6

TOPOISOMERASE

Answer 6

CUTS DNA AND RELAXES SUPERCOILING IN PROKARYOTES

Question 7

RNA PRIMASE

Answer 7

PLACES PRIMER AT ORIGIN

Question 8

DNA POLYMERASE

Answer 8

ELONGATES RNA PRIMER

Question 9

DNA LIGASE

Answer 9

LINKS OKAZAKI FRAGMENTS

Question 10

DNA POLY. III

Answer 10

• FAST 5’ –> 3’ POLYMERASE AND 3’ –> 5’ EXONUCLEASE

- MAIN REPLICATING ENZYME FOR PROK

Question 11

DNA POLY. I

Answer 11

• PROK. ENZ.
• SLOW 5’ –> 3’ POLYMERASE AND 3’ –> 5’ EXONUCLEASE
• ALSO 5’ –> 3’ EXONUCLEASE TO REMOVE PRIMER
• DNA EXCISION REPAIR

Question 12

TELOMERASE

Answer 12

• EUKARYOTIC ENZYME USED FOR LENGTHENING TELOMERES BY ADDING REPETITIVE NT SEQUENCES
• INCLUDES AN RNA PRIMER
• HAS REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE FUNCTION

Question 13

RNA POLY. I

Answer 13

TRANSCRIBES rRNA

Question 14

RNA POLY. II

Answer 14

TRANSCRIBES mRNA

Question 15

RNA POLY. III

Answer 15

TRANSCRIBES tRNA

Question 16

RNA POLYMERASE MNEMONIC

Answer 16

aRe eMpTy

(1, 2, 3)

Question 17

HOW MANY RNA POLYMERASES DO PROKARYOTES USE/HAVE?

Answer 17

1

Question 18

HOW MANY RNA POLYMERASES DO EUKARYOTES USE/HAVE AND WHAT DO THEY DO?

Answer 18

3

Question 19

AMINOACYL SYNTHETASE

Answer 19

LOAD AN AA ONTO A tRNA

Question 20

RNA DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE

Answer 20

READS RNA TEMPLATE STRAND PRODUCES RNA FROM TEMPLATE

Question 21

RNA DEPENDENT DNA POLYMERASE (REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE)

Answer 21

READS RNA TEMPLATE STRAND PRODUCES DNA FROM TEMPLATE

Question 22

REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE

Answer 22

READS RNA TEMPLATE STRAND PRODUCES DNA FROM TEMPLATE

Question 23

glucose-6-phosphatase

Answer 23

enzyme found mainly in the liver and the kidneys, plays the important role of providing glucose during starvation (Glycogenolysis)

Question 24

glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 24

catalyzes the sequential phosphorolysis of glycogen to release glucose-1-phosphate; it is thus the key enzyme in the utilization of muscle and liver reserves of glycogen
(Glycogenolysis)

Question 25

glycogen synthase

Answer 25

catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen synthesis in the liver and in skeletal muscle (Glycogenesis)

Question 26

Fructose bisphosphatase

Answer 26

is an enzyme that converts fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in gluconeogenesis and the Calvin cycle which are both anabolic pathways

Question 27

DYENIN

Answer 27

CONTRACTION FUNCTION IN MICROTUBULES

Question 28

CASPASES

Answer 28

PROTEASES MEDIATING APOPTOSIS

Question 29

THE HELPER PROTEINS ARE ?

Answer 29

PORES (NONSPECIFIC HOLES IN MEM.), CHANNELS (VERY SPECIFIC HOLES IN MEM.), AND PORTERS (NO HOLES, CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE TO MOVE MOLECULES; ANTIPORTERS, COTRANSPORTERS, ETC.)

Question 30

CALCITONIN (WHAT SECRETES IT AND WHAT DOES IT DO?)

Answer 30

CALCITONIN PREVENTS Ca2+ FROM PEAKING ABOVE NORMAL LEVELS

Question 31

TROPIC HORMONES

Answer 31

HORMONES REGULATING OTHER HORMONES

Question 32

ACTH HORMONE (ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE) FUNCTION AND WHAT SECRETES IT?

Answer 32

SECRETED FROM THE ANTERIOR PIT GLAND

• STIMULATES INC CORTEX ACTIVITY; RESPONSIBLE FOR SECRETING CORTISOL
• WHEN CORTISOL IS NEEDED, ACTH IS SECRETED