Genetics

Question 1

What are gametes

Answer 1

Sperm and egg cells

Question 2

What does haploid mean

Answer 2

Contains half the number of chromosomes of normal cells

Question 3

What type of cell are gametes

Answer 3

Haploid

Question 4

How does the zygote develop into an embryo

Answer 4

Mitosis

Question 5

What does meiosis produce

Answer 5

4 haploid daughter cells - genetically different Gametes

Question 6

What are DNA strands

Answer 6

Polymers made up of lots of repeating nucleotides

Question 7

What does each nucleotide consist of

Answer 7

One sugar molecule and one phosphate molecule and one base

Question 8

What does the sugar molecule in a nucleotide do

Answer 8

Forms a backbone to the DNA strands

Question 9

What structure does a dna molecule have

Answer 9

2 strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix

Question 10

What base pairs match

Answer 10

A and T, G and C

Question 11

What are the base pairs joined by

Answer 11

Weak hydrogen bonds

Question 12

What are chromosomes

Answer 12

Long cooked up molecules of dna

Question 13

Where are chromosomes found in eukaryotic cells

Answer 13

Nucleus

Question 14

What is a gene

Answer 14

A section of dna on a chromosome that codes for a particular protein

Question 15

What is an organisms genome made up of

Answer 15

All an organisms dna

Question 16

Steps to how dna is extracted from fruit cells

Answer 16

1) mash up the fruit and put in a beaker containing detergent and salt and mix
2) filter the mixture to get rid of froth and insoluble bits of cell out
3) gently add some ice cold ethanol to the mix
4) dna will start to come out of the solution as it’s not soluble in cold ethanol, it will be a stringy white precipitate that can be carefully fished out with a rod

Question 17

What does the detergent do in extracting dna from fruit

Answer 17

Breaks down the cell membranes to released dna

Question 18

Function of salt in extracting dna from fruit cells

Answer 18

Makes the dna stick together

Question 19

What are characteristic controlled by

Answer 19

Different genes

Question 20

What are alleles

Answer 20

Different versions of genes

Question 21

How many alleles of every gene do u have

Answer 21

2 one on each chromosome pair

Question 22

What does homozygous mean for a trait

Answer 22

Having two alleles for a particular gene that are the same

Question 23

What does heterozygous for a trait mean

Answer 23

If it’s two alleles for a gene are different

Question 24

What shows that an allele is dominant

Answer 24

Capital letter

Question 25

What has to happen for a characteristic to be recessive

Answer 25

The alleles must both be recessive

Question 26

What is a genotype

Answer 26

The combination of alleles a person has

Question 27

What is your phenotype

Answer 27

Your characteristics

Question 28

What is mono hybrid inheritance

Answer 28

The inheritance of a single characteristic

Question 29

What does a monohybrid cross show

Answer 29

How recessive and dominant traits for a single characteristic are inherited

Question 30

Why do females have the 23rd chromosome pair as XX

Answer 30

The XX combination allows female characteristics to develop

Question 31

What is the chance of having a boy or girl

Answer 31

50:50

Question 32

What 3 drawings show monohybrid inheritance

Answer 32

Punnet square, family pedigree, monohybrid cross

Question 33

What is a family pedigree

Answer 33

A family tree of genetic disorders

Question 34

What is genetic variation caused by

Answer 34

Having different alleles, sexual reproduction, having new alleles rising thru mutations, neutral mutations, the environment

Question 35

What are the environmental variations in phenotype aka

Answer 35

Acquired characteristics

Question 36

What are mutations

Answer 36

Changes to the base sequence of dna

Question 37

What does it mean when a mutation is neutral

Answer 37

It doesn’t have an impact on the organism