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Biology > Animal Coordination, Control And Homeostasis > Flashcards

Animal Coordination, Control And Homeostasis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the metabolic rate

A

Speed at which chemcial reactions in the body occur

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2
Q

What do adrenal glands do

A

Activates the process that increase the supply of O2 and glucose

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3
Q

What is hormone release effected by

A

Negative feedback

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4
Q

What does adrenaline bind to

A

Receptors in heart - heart contracts more frequently- heart rate and blood pressure increase

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5
Q

What does increasing blood pressure and heart rate do

A

Increases blood flow to muscles - cells recieve more O2 and glucose for increased respiration

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6
Q

What is negative feedback

A

When body detects level of substance has gone above or below normal level, it triggers response to bring level back to normal

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7
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messengers

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8
Q

What do hormones effect

A

Control things in organs and cells that need constant adjustment

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9
Q

What are hormones produced and secreted by

A

Endocrine glands which make up your endocrine system

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10
Q

What is a pituitary gland

A

Master gland, regulates body conditions

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11
Q

What do ovaries produce

A

Produce oestrogen

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12
Q

What does testosterone control

A

Puberty and sperm production

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13
Q

What does thyroxine do

A

Regulates basal metabolic rate, heart rate and temperature

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14
Q

What do neurones do

A

Very fast reaction, acts for short time on specific area

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15
Q

Hormones reaction

A

Slower action, act for long time, Act in general way

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16
Q

What does pancreas do

A

Produce insulin which regulates blood glucose level

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17
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

Month sequence of events in which the female body releases an egg and prepares the uterus incase the egg is fertilised

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18
Q

How many stages of the menstrual cycle is there

A

4

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19
Q

What happens on day one of the menstration cycle

A

Mentration starts - lining of uterus breaks down and is released

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20
Q

What happens on day 4-14 of the menstration cycle

A

Uterus lining is repaired until becomes a think spongy layer full of blood vessels ready for fertilised egg

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21
Q

What happens on day 14 of the menstration cycle

A

Egg develops and released from ovary - ovulation

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22
Q

What happens on day 14-28 of the menstration cycle

A

Lining then maintained if no fertilised egg lands on the uterus - spongy lining breaks down again

23
Q

What 4 hormones is the mestrual cycle controlled by

A

FSH, LH, oestrogen, progesterone

24
Q

What does FSH stand for

A

Follice stimulating hormone

25
Q

What does FSH do

A

Released from pituitary gland, causes follicle to mature in ovary, dtimulates oestrogen production

26
Q

What is oestrogen

A

Released by ovaries, causes lining of uterus to grow and thicken, high level stimulates LH surge

27
Q

What does LH stand for

A

Lutenising hormone

28
Q

What id LH

A

Released from pituitary gland, LH surge stimulates ovulation, stimulates remains of the follicle to develop into corpus luteum - secrets progesterone

29
Q

What is progesterone and what does it do

A

Released by corpus luteum after ovulation, maintains uterus lining, inhibits release of FSH and LH, when level falls - low oestrogen level - uterus loning breaks down, low progesterone level allows FSH to increase - cycle restarts

30
Q

What is clomifene therapy

A

Some women are infertile because they dont ovulate or ovulate regularly. Taking clomifene causes more FSH and LH to be released which stimulates egg maturation and ovulation

31
Q

What does IVF stand for

A

In vitro fertilisation

32
Q

What is IVF

A

Collecting a womens eggs from ovaries and fertilising them in a lab with a mans sperm, they grow into embryos, once the embryos are tiny balls of cells they’re transferred back into the uterus

33
Q

Why is FSH and LH given to women before IVF

A

to stimulate egg production

34
Q

What is IVF aka

A

ART - assisted reproductive technique

35
Q

How does taking oestrogen prevent release of an egg

A

If taken everyday, it keeps levels of oestrogen permanently high which inhibits FSH production and after a while, egg production and development stop and stay stopped

36
Q

What does progesterone stimulate

A

Production of thick cervical mucus

37
Q

What does thick cervical mucus do

A

Stops sperm entering uterus

38
Q

What is type 1 diabetes caused by

A

Pancreas produces little or no insulin

39
Q

How is type 1 diabetes treated

A

Insluin therapy - injecting insulin into the subcutaneous tissue where it will enter the blood stream

40
Q

When is insulin therapy done

A

At meal times to ensure the gluose is removed quickly once food is digested

41
Q

What is type 2 disbetes caused by

A

Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or body does not respond to it

42
Q

Who are more likely to get type 2 diabetes

A

Obese people - BMI over 30

43
Q

Equation for BMI

A

Mass(kg) / (height)2 (m)

44
Q

How do u work out where the body stores fat

A

Waist to hip ratio

45
Q

How do u work out waist to hip ratio

A

Waist circumference (cm) / hip circumference (cm)

46
Q

Definition of homeostasis

A

Maintaing a constant internal environment

47
Q

What is osmoregulation

A

(Regulating water content) need to keep a balace between water intake and outake

48
Q

What is thermoregulation

A

(Regulating body temperature) you need to increase body temp when its cold but decrease it when its hot

49
Q

What 2 things control blood glucose concentration

A

Insluin, glycogen

50
Q

What happens when the concentration of thyroxine is too low

A

The hypothalamus (in thr brain) produces TRH (thyrotropin-releasinf hormone), which causes the released of TSH vro, pituitary gland -TSH acts on thyroid to produce thyroxine, when thyroxine levels are normal thyroxine inhibits release of TRH and production of TSH

51
Q

What does adrenaline do

A

Increases heart rate, blood pressure, blood flow to muscles, raises blood sugar levels by stimulating liver to change glycogen into glucose

52
Q

Where are hormones produced

A

Produced and secreted by various endocrine glands

53
Q

How are hormones transported from endocrine glands to other target organs

A

Hormones released into blood and carried to other parts of the body

Biology (9 decks)

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