Genetic Engineering Flashcards
Genetic Engineering
The artificial manipulation or alteration of genes
Source of DNA
DNA taken from one organism and placed in another
Cloning Vector
DNA can accept foreign DNA and replicate (double) e.g., bacterial plasmid
Restriction Enzymes
Cut DNA whenever they read a specific sequence
DNA Ligase
Enzyme that joins sections of DNA together
3 Applications of genetic engineering
One plant
One animal
One microorganism
Purpose of genetic engineering
It allows genes from one organism to be inserted into a cell of a different organism of a different species
Isolation
The removal of the chromosome (containing the target gene) from the human cell and the plasmid DNA from the bacterium
Specific sites that enzymes are cut at :
Restriction sites
Ligation
The joining of two sections of DNA to form a single strand
Transformation
The uptake of DNA into a cell
Cloning
The production of identical copies of the bacterium (containing the target gene)
Expression
The formation of the product by the organism with the recombinant DNA
Applications of genetic engineering
Plants (weed - killer - resistant crops)
Animals (sheep produce a protein to treat emphysema)
Micro - organisms (bacteria make insulin)
Ethics (genetic engineering)
Ethics relates to whether conduct is right or wrong
