Generalisert epilepsi hos barn - Amboss Flashcards

1
Q

Hvilken type etiologi har epilepsi hos nyfødte?

A
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2
Q

Hvilke etiologi har epilepsi hos barn?

Ikke nyfødte

A
Febrile seizures are not considered a form of epilepsy; however, complex febrile seizures and a particular type of genetic epilepsy, known as febrile seizures plus, are associated with an increased risk of developing epilepsy at a later stage.
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3
Q

Hva kjennetegner idiopatiske generaliserte epilepsi syndrom?

A
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4
Q

Hva kjennetegner de ulike anfallstypene?

A

Eksempler på generaliserte anfallstyper

Toniske anfall, kroppen stivner til og man faller dersom man ikke allerede ligger.

Klonisk anfall, kroppen rykker og man faller.

Atoniske anfall, kroppen mister all kraft og man slår seg vanligvis kraftig, ofte i ansiktet.

Myoklone anfall, kortvarige rykk, mest i overkroppen, for kort for bevissthetstap.

Absencer, korte fraværsepisoder (få sekunder). Man stopper opp for så å fortsette med det man holdt på med, eventuelt litt smårykk rundt øynene.

Atypiske absencer, noe lengre fraværsepisoder med en del ufrivillige bevegelser og grimasering osv.

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5
Q

Hva er pyknolepsi?

A
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6
Q

Når debuterer CAE?

A
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7
Q

Hva er kliniske funn og hva er karakteristisk ved CAE?

A
Previously termed “petit mal seizures”. Patients may be more responsive compared to typical absence seizures.
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8
Q

Hva viser EEG-et ved CAE?

A

Iktal EEG; EEG under anfall.

Often also in interictal EEGs
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9
Q

Hvordan behandler man CAE?

A
Both ethosuximide and sodium valproate have a similar efficacy in preventing absence seizures in childhood absence epilepsy. However, the risk of attentional dysfunction is higher with sodium valproate than ethosuximide.
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10
Q

Hvordan er prognosen til CAE?

A
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11
Q

Når debuterer ofte juvenil absens epilepsi?

A
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12
Q

Hva kjennetegner klinikken ved juvenil absens epilepsi?

A
Less frequent than in childhood absence epilepsy.
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13
Q

Hva ser man på EEG-et ved juvenil absens epilepsi?

A
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14
Q

Hvordan er prognosen til juvenil absens epilepsi?

A
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15
Q

Hva er Janz syndrom?

A

Juvenil myoklonisk epilepsi

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16
Q

Når debuterer juvenil myoklonisk epilepsi?

A
17
Q

Hva kjennetegner klinikken ved juvenil myoklonisk epilepsi?

A
Isolated or combined occurrence. Least common manifestation.
18
Q

Hva viser EEG-et ved juvenil myoklonisk epilepsi?

A
19
Q

Hvordan behandler man juvenil absens epilepsi og juvenil myoklonisk epilepsi?

A
20
Q

Hva viser dette?

A
EEG findings in absence seizures; Characteristic 3 Hz spikes and waves. The steep rise is the spike and the flat increase the wave. This complex usually occurs with a frequency of 3 per second (hence its name). This finding most commonly occurs during a seizure in absence epilepsy; it can also be seen in a seizure-free interval (interictal).
21
Q

Hva kjennetegner symptomatiske eller kryptogeniske generaliserte epilepsi syndromer?

Kryptogenetisk; sykdommer hvor årsak eller utgangspunkt er ukjent.

A
22
Q

Hva er et annet navn på infantile spasmer?

A

West syndrom

23
Q

Når debuterer West syndrom?

A
> 90% in the first 12 months of age.
24
Q

Hvilken etiologi har West syndrom?

A
Often with a positive family history. PKU; Fenylketonuri (Føllings syndrom).
25
Q

Hvilke kliniske og karakteristiske funn ser man ved West syndrom?

A
May be as many as 125 spasms per cluster. In some cases, mixed flexor-extensor spasms may also occur.
26
Q

Hva viser EEG-et ved West syndrom?

A
High-voltage slow waves, followed by voltage attenuation.
27
Q

Hvordan behandler man West syndrom?

A
Vigabatrin is administered particularly in patients with tuberous sclerosis.
28
Q

Hvordan er prognosen til West syndrom?

A
Especially Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in 25% of cases.
29
Q

Når debuterer Lennox-Gastaut syndrom?

A
30
Q

Hvilken etiologi har Lennox-Gastaut syndrom?

A
E.g., tuberous sclerosis, meningitis, hypoxic-ischemic injuries, head injuries. Most likely due to genetic predisposition.
31
Q

Hva kjennetegner Lennox-Gastaut syndrom?

A
32
Q

Hva ser man på EEG-et ved Lennox-Gastaut syndrom?

A
33
Q

Hvordan legger man opp behandlingen ved Lennox-Gastaut?

A
Severe side effects of Felbamate include aplastic anemia and liver failure. Felbamate may be considered as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy in patients with partial or generalized seizures associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome that do not respond to other therapies and whose seizures are so severe that the risk of side effects is considered acceptable due to the advantages of its use.
34
Q

Hvordan er prognosen ved Lennox-Gastaut syndrom?

A
35
Q

Hvordan skal man diagnostisere barn med epilepsi?

A