general questions Flashcards
what drug should every diabetic patient be on
either an ACE or an ARB
what is the goal A1C for a diabetic patietn
<7%
what is the goal LDL for a patient with hypercolesterol
<100
what are the diabetic five?
1) smoking cessation, 2) blood pressure control, 3) lipid control, 4) aspirin/metformin, 5) glucose control.
what is the BP goal for a patient with diabetes
<130
what is the best imaging technique for an acute head bleed?
CT without contrast.
when do migraines typically occur?
usually present in adolescence. To have the first incidence of migraine occur when an adult is uncommon.
what are the symptoms of a migraine?
photophobia, auras, extremely painful headache that can localize in 60-70% patients. nausea and vomiting are not uncommon.
what are some treatments for migraines
NSAIDs, sumatriptans, ergot alkaloids.
why do we order a CT with contrast?
this would be to identify a space-occupying lesion, such as a tumor. Bleeds are foiund withiout contrast.
what is first line treatment for a tension headache
NSAIDs
what is first line treatment for a mild-to-moderate migraine
NSAIDs with combination analgesics like acetominiophen, caffeine.
what is first line treatment for a moderate to severe migraine
triptans. also use this for mild to moderate that are refractory
how do the kidneys reabsorb acid
by losing potassium
what are the labs for excessive vomiting
metabolic alkalosis (increased HCO3), hypochloremia, hypokalemia.
why do we not schedule mammagraphy for women under 35. what test is better to confirm breast lumps in women under 35
density of breast tissue.
ultrasound.
what is the indication for BRCA testing
significant family history. multiple first degree relatives (mother, daughter, sisters) who have had breast cancer at young ages (<40-50)
what is pinworm and its presentation
enterobiasis. most commonly presents as perianal itching, abdominal pain/fullness, nausea and vomiting. diagnosed with the scotch tape test that results in white eggs.
first line therapy for pin worm
menbendazole or albendazole. these are teratogenic,. watch out for others in the house! these are teratogeni
what is secdond line therapy for pinworm
pyrantel pamoate
how do we evaluate acute coronary syndrome
ECG and serial troponins
what are the symptoms of acute coronary syndrome
diaphoresis, chest pain –can radiate to the jaw, squeezing sensation in the chest.
what is the gold standard for diagnosing aortic aneurysm
aortogram.
what if a suspected acute coronary patient does not have elevated troponins
then its most likely stable angina