diabetes

Question 1

what is the normal A1C

Answer 1

<5.5

Question 2

what is prediabeticA1C

Answer 2

5.6-6.4

Question 3

what is diabetic A1C

Answer 3

> 6.5

Question 4

what is first line therapy for diabetes

Answer 4

metformin the biguanides

Question 5

what is the therapy for preodiabetes

Answer 5

lifestyle modification

Question 6

What doers every diabetes patient have

Answer 6

hypertrophy of the pancreatic ducts

Question 7

when should you stop taking metformin

Answer 7

surgeries or illness that predispose you to lactic acidosis. if your kidney function (GFR) <30ml/min

Question 8

why is metformin first line therapy

Answer 8

the only med to reduce motality and complications in a radnomized control trial

Question 9

how often should patients on monotherapy or non-insulin therapies be monitoring their sugars

Answer 9

not that important. maybe once a week if that

Question 10

insulin therapies blood sugar monitoring

Answer 10

patients can test themselves frequently

Question 11

are dual therapies for diabetes recommended

Answer 11

yes. they all reduced sugars levels over mono. however dual therapies also had an increase in negative outcomes, especailly when a sulfonylurea was added

Question 12

DKA symptoms and who get it

Answer 12

Type 1. sugars are 250-600. dilutional hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap, 20-30 pCO2,

Question 13

HHS symptoms and who gets it

Answer 13

type II, sugars really high >?600,. normal bicarb. not usually acidotic, normal pCO2. higher osmolality

Question 14

what are the classes of medications for diabetes

Answer 14

biguanides, sulfonylureas, DDP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors meglitinides, GLP1 agonists, thiazolidinediones

Question 15

what are some of the sulfonylureas

Answer 15

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Question 16

what are the SE for the sulfonylureas

Answer 16

weight gain and hypoglycemia

Question 17

what are the SLGT2

Answer 17

canaglaflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin

Question 18

what are the side effects of the SGLT2

Answer 18

urinary tract infections, increase LDL –however weight loss!

Question 19

what is the best patient for an SLGT2

Answer 19

a thinner diabetic without a history of UTIs, and normal cholesterol

Question 20

what are the DPP-4

Answer 20

alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitaglipton

Question 21

what are the SE for the DPP-4s (gliptins)

Answer 21

headache and pancreatitis

Question 22

what are the thiazolidinediones

Answer 22

pioglitazone and rosiglitazone

Question 23

what are the SE for the thiazolidinediones (the glitazones)

Answer 23

weight gain and edema

Question 24

what are the GLP1

Answer 24

albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide

Question 25

what are the SE of the GLP1 (glutides)

Answer 25

nausea, sense of fullness and pancreatitis. weight loss can occur though

Question 26

what are the classes that cauise weight loss

Answer 26

GLP1, SGLT2

Question 27

what classes cause weight gfain

Answer 27

sulfonylurea, thiazolidinidiones

Question 28

what classes cause hypoglycemia

Answer 28

sulfonylureas, meglitinides

Question 29

what classes cause pancreatitis

Answer 29

DPP4, GLP1,

Question 30

what class causes edema

Answer 30

thiazolidinidiones