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Family > diabetes > Flashcards

diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal A1C

A

<5.5

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2
Q

what is prediabeticA1C

A

5.6-6.4

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3
Q

what is diabetic A1C

A

> 6.5

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4
Q

what is first line therapy for diabetes

A

metformin the biguanides

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5
Q

what is the therapy for preodiabetes

A

lifestyle modification

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6
Q

What doers every diabetes patient have

A

hypertrophy of the pancreatic ducts

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7
Q

when should you stop taking metformin

A

surgeries or illness that predispose you to lactic acidosis. if your kidney function (GFR) <30ml/min

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8
Q

why is metformin first line therapy

A

the only med to reduce motality and complications in a radnomized control trial

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9
Q

how often should patients on monotherapy or non-insulin therapies be monitoring their sugars

A

not that important. maybe once a week if that

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10
Q

insulin therapies blood sugar monitoring

A

patients can test themselves frequently

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11
Q

are dual therapies for diabetes recommended

A

yes. they all reduced sugars levels over mono. however dual therapies also had an increase in negative outcomes, especailly when a sulfonylurea was added

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12
Q

DKA symptoms and who get it

A

Type 1. sugars are 250-600. dilutional hyponatremia, metabolic acidosis with increased anion gap, 20-30 pCO2,

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13
Q

HHS symptoms and who gets it

A

type II, sugars really high >?600,. normal bicarb. not usually acidotic, normal pCO2. higher osmolality

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14
Q

what are the classes of medications for diabetes

A

biguanides, sulfonylureas, DDP-4 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors meglitinides, GLP1 agonists, thiazolidinediones

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15
Q

what are some of the sulfonylureas

A

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

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16
Q

what are the SE for the sulfonylureas

A

weight gain and hypoglycemia

17
Q

what are the SLGT2

A

canaglaflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin

18
Q

what are the side effects of the SGLT2

A

urinary tract infections, increase LDL –however weight loss!

19
Q

what is the best patient for an SLGT2

A

a thinner diabetic without a history of UTIs, and normal cholesterol

20
Q

what are the DPP-4

A

alogliptin, linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitaglipton

21
Q

what are the SE for the DPP-4s (gliptins)

A

headache and pancreatitis

22
Q

what are the thiazolidinediones

A

pioglitazone and rosiglitazone

23
Q

what are the SE for the thiazolidinediones (the glitazones)

A

weight gain and edema

24
Q

what are the GLP1

A

albiglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, liraglutide

25
Q

what are the SE of the GLP1 (glutides)

A

nausea, sense of fullness and pancreatitis. weight loss can occur though

26
Q

what are the classes that cauise weight loss

A

GLP1, SGLT2

27
Q

what classes cause weight gfain

A

sulfonylurea, thiazolidinidiones

28
Q

what classes cause hypoglycemia

A

sulfonylureas, meglitinides

29
Q

what classes cause pancreatitis

A

DPP4, GLP1,

30
Q

what class causes edema

A

thiazolidinidiones

Family (15 decks)

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