allergies Flashcards

1
Q

what are the first generation steroid nasal sprays

A

beclomethasone, flunisolide, triamcinolone, budesonide.

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2
Q

what are the second generation steroid nasal sprays

A

fluticasone, mometasone, ciclesonide

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3
Q

what are the SE of the allergic steroid sprays

A

nose bleeds (epistaxis)

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4
Q

what are the oral antihistamines most effective at treating

A

they reduce the itching, sneezing and rhinorrhea but have less of an effect on nasal congestion.

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5
Q

how are steroid nasal sprays used

A

often begin with the highest dose for age and then once the patient is controlled, step down the dosage.

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6
Q

which oral histamines are preferred for use

A

second and third generation histamines are preferred over first generations because they have less central nervous effects.

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7
Q

what are the second generation antihistamines

A

fexofenadine, levocetirizine, desloratidine, cetirizine, loratadine

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8
Q

which drug is as equally effective as the second gen antihistamine

A

cromolyn

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9
Q

what is cromolyn

A

a mast cell stabilizer

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10
Q

how do we treat severe allergic rhinitis

A

with short courses of oral glucocorticoids

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11
Q

how do we treat mild or episodic allergic rhinitis

A

second genr oral antihistamines, an antihistamine nasal spray, glucorticoid nasal spray, cromolyn.

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12
Q

how do we treat moderate to severe or persistent allergic rhinitis

A

adding a second agent is first line. combination sprays containing glucocorticoids and antihistamines, oral leukotriene inhibitor or intranasal cromolun

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13
Q

how do we treat allergic rhinitis with concomitant allergic conjunctivitis

A

with Antihistamines eye drops and a nasal glucocorticoid spray

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14
Q

first line therapy for allergic rhinitis

A

intranasal corticosteroid alone is the initial therapy

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15
Q

what does every patient with allergic rhinitis get

A

education and allergen avoidance.

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16
Q

how do we treat allergic rhinitis symptoms that affect quality of life

A

intranasal corticosteroids alone.

if the symptoms persist then add nasal irrigation, ipratropium, antihistamine.