General Muscle

Question 1

Striations

Answer 1

Alternating light & dark bands caused by the overlap of myosin and actin (thick & thin filaments)

Question 2

Myofibers

Answer 2

Muscle cells containing various organelles and contractile proteins that are used for contraction

Question 3

Intercalated Discs

Answer 3

A complex of adherens, gap junctions, and desmosomes that join cardiac cells

Question 4

Multinucleate

Answer 4

Contains multiple nuclei (skeletal muscle)

Question 5

Uninucleate

Answer 5

Contains one nucleus (smooth and cardiac muscle)

Question 6

Skeletal muscle

Answer 6

Voluntary, multinucleate, striations, and controls body movements, facial expression, posture, breathing, speech, and swallowing. Found on skeletal muscle, tongue, lips, eyelids, urethra, and anus

Question 7

Cardiac muscle

Answer 7

Involuntary, uninucleated, intercalated discs, and responsible for pumping of blood. Found in the heart

Question 8

Smooth muscle

Answer 8

Involuntary, nonstriated, uninucleate, and responsible for swallowing, contractions of GI tract, expulsion of waste, labor contractions, blood pressure, pupil diameter, and erection of hairs. Found in sheets of tissue in walls of blood vessels and viscera, associated with hair follicles, sphincters of urethra and anus

Question 9

Agonist

Answer 9

Also called prime mover. The muscle that produces most of the force during a particular joint action

Question 10

Antagonist

Answer 10

A muscle that opposes the prime mover, maintains some tension on a joint and thus limits the speed or range of the prime mover

Question 11

Fixator

Answer 11

A muscle that prevents a bone from moving, allowing other muscles attached to pull on a different bone

Question 12

Synergist

Answer 12

A muscle that aids the prime mover. Actions between prime mover and synergist are not identical but synergist may help stabilize the joint

Question 13

Extension

Answer 13

Movement that increases the angle of a joint

Question 14

Flexion

Answer 14

Movement that decreases the angle of a joint

Question 15

Dorsiflexion

Answer 15

Movement of the ankle that reduces the joint angle and raises the toes

Question 16

Plantar flexion

Answer 16

Movement of the ankle that increases the joint angle and curls the toes

Question 17

Abduction

Answer 17

Movement of a body part away from the midline

Question 18

Adduction

Answer 18

Movement of a body part towards the midline

Question 19

Circumduction

Answer 19

Movement in which one end of appendage remains stationary while the other moves in a circular motion

Question 20

Hyperextension

Answer 20

Movement that increases the joint angle beyond 180 degrees

Question 21

Inversion

Answer 21

Foot movement in which the plantar region faces the median plane

Question 22

Eversion

Answer 22

Foot movement in which the plantar region faces laterally

Question 23

Pronation

Answer 23

A rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm downward or posteriorly

Question 24

Supination

Answer 24

A rotational movement of the forearm that turns the palm so that it faces upward or forward

Question 25

Elevation

Answer 25

Movement in the superior direction

Question 26

Depression

Answer 26

Movement in the inferior direction

Question 27

Protraction

Answer 27

Movement in the anterior direction

Question 28

Retraction

Answer 28

Movement in the posterior direction

Question 29

Rotation

Answer 29

Turning of a joint along its axis