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Bio 201 Lab > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Parietal bone

A

Paired; forms the superior & lateral aspects of the cranial cavity; held together by the sagittal suture

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2
Q

Temporal bone

A

Paired; helps form the floor of the cranial cavity

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3
Q

Zygomatic process

A

Articulates with the temporal process of the zygomatic bones helps form zygomatic arch

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4
Q

Styloid process

A

Anchors various muscles & ligaments

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5
Q

Mastoid process

A

Prominent lump behind the ear that can be palpated; anchors various muscles

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6
Q

External auditory meatus

A

Opening on the lateral aspect which funnels sound waves

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7
Q

Internal auditory meatus

A

Passageway from the bony labyrinth of the inner ear to the cranial vault

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8
Q

Mandibular fossa

A

Articulates with the mandibular condoles to form the temporomandibular joints

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9
Q

Frontal bone

A

Unpaired; forms the superior margin of the orbit & the anterior/superior aspect of cranial clarity; contains the frontal sinus

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10
Q

Supraorbital foramen/notches

A

Allows for the passage of blood vessels & nerves

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11
Q

Occipital bone

A

Unpaired; forms the base of the skull

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12
Q

Occipital condyles

A

Articulate with the lateral masses of the atlas (C1)

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13
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Allows the brain stem/spinal cord to exit the skull

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14
Q

Sphenoid bone

A

Unpaired; helps form the posterior margin of the orbit & the floor of the cranial cavity

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15
Q

Sella turcica

A

Contains a deep pit (hypophyseal fossa) which houses the pituitary gland

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16
Q

Greater wing

A

Forms part of the lateral surface of the cranium just anterior to the temporal bone

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17
Q

Lesser wing

A

Forms the posterior wall of the orbit & contains the optic canal

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18
Q

Ethmoid bone

A

Unpaired; helps form the medial walls of the orbit, roof/walls of the nasal cavity, & the superior part of the nasal septum

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19
Q

Cribriform plate

A

Form the roof of the nasal cavity allowing various olfactory nerves to pass through

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20
Q

Crista galli

A

Small crest that anchors protective layer of the brain

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21
Q

Perpendicular plate

A

Bony projection that forms the superior 2/3 of the nasal septum

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22
Q

Superior & Middle Conchae

A

Curled, bony projections which help increase surface area in the nasal cavity

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23
Q

Maxilla bone

A

Paired; helps form the orbit, nasal cavity, and oral cavity

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24
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Paired; cheek bones, form the lateral aspect and help form the floor of the orbit

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25
Q

Temporal process

A

Articulates with the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, helps form the zygomatic arch

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26
Q

Lacrimal bone

A

Paired; help form the medial wall of the orbit, smallest bones of the skull

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27
Q

Fossa for lacrimal sac

A

Houses the lacrimal sac

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28
Q

Nasal bone

A

Paired; small rectangular bones that form the bridge of the nose and support the cartilages that shape its lower portion

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29
Q

Inferior nasal conchae

A

Paired; largest of the nasal conchae

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30
Q

Palatine bone

A

Paired; forms the posterior 1/3 of the palate, helps form the nasal cavity, forms a small section of the posterior floor of orbit

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31
Q

Mandible

A

Unpaired; supports the lower teeth and provides attachment points for chewing muscles, contains the mental Foramen

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32
Q

Mandibular condyles

A

Oval knobs that articulate with the temporal bone

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33
Q

Coronoid process

A

Attachment point for temporalis muscle

34
Q

Ramus

A

The posterior arms of the mandible that angle upward

35
Q

Vomer bone

A

Unpaired; forms the inferior 1/3 of the nasal septum (resembles a plow blade)

36
Q

Sternum

A

Bony plate anterior to the heart that contains the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process

37
Q

Manubrium

A

Broad superior portion of the sternum shaped like the knot of a necktie

38
Q

Body

A

The longest part of the sternum

39
Q

Xiphoid process

A

Small and pointed; provides attachment for some of the abdominal muscles

40
Q

Ribs

A

12 pairs; 1-7 are true ribs, 8-12 are false ribs

41
Q

Head of ribs

A

Attaches to the thoracic vertebrae

42
Q

Body/shaft of ribs

A

Sloping flattened portion

43
Q

Costal groove

A

Sharp portion on the inferior margin

44
Q

True ribs

A

Directly attach to the sternum; 1-7

45
Q

False ribs

A

Attach to the superior rib; 8-12

46
Q

Floating ribs

A

No attachment; 11 & 12

47
Q

Coronal suture

A

Serrate suture that follows the coronal/frontal plane; acts as a joining point of the frontal bone and parietal bones

48
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Serrate suture following the Sagittal plane; acts as a joining point between the parietal bones

49
Q

Lambdoid suture

A

Serrate suture which acts as a joining point between the occipital bone and the parietal bones

50
Q

Squamous suture

A

A lap suture that acts as a joining point between the temporal bone and the parietal bone

51
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Free floating bone in the neck that is anchored by the larynx and attaches to various muscles

52
Q

Foramen magnum

A

Allows the spinal cord to exit the skull; located in occipital bone

53
Q

Optic Foramen/canal

A

Allows passage of optic nerve; located in sphenoid bone

54
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

Allows the passage of the internal jugular veins; located in temporal-occipital region

55
Q

Carotid canal

A

Allows the passage of the internal carotid arteries; located in the temporal bone

56
Q

Superior & Inferior Articular Facets

A

Limit turning movements of the vertebral column which may damage the spinal cord

57
Q

Superior orbital fissures

A

Narrow openings at each orbit that transmit blood vessels and nerves

58
Q

Inferior orbital fissures

A

Narrow openings below each superior orbital fissure for blood vessels and nerves

59
Q

Mental foramina

A

Two openings on the anterior surface of the mandible

60
Q

Cervical vertebrae

A

C1-C7; support the head and allow its movement

61
Q

Thoracic vertebrae

A

T1-T12; 12 vertebrae that articulate with the 12 airs of ribs, being the point of attachments for them; resembles a giraffe head

62
Q

Lumbar vertebrae

A

L1-L5; thick, stout body and blunt square-like processes; resists twisting of the lower spine; resemble a moose head

63
Q

Sacrum

A

S1-S5; articulates with the os coxa (pelvis)

64
Q

Coccyx

A

Co1-Co4; inferior to the sacrum, the “tailbone”

65
Q

Vertebral Foramen

A

Large Foramen formed by the vertebral arch and the posterior portion of the vertebral body

66
Q

Intervertebral Foramen

A

Foramen formed by the superior and inferior portions of the pedicles

67
Q

Transverse Foramen

A

Unique to cervical vertebrae; allows passage of blood vessels

68
Q

Spinous process

A

Extends posterior and downward; can be palpated

69
Q

Transverse process

A

Extend laterally from the neural arch

70
Q

Superior & Inferior Articular Facets

A

Limit turning movements of the vertebral column which may damage the spinal cord

71
Q

Pedicle

A

Pillar-like structure originating on the body

72
Q

Lamina

A

Plate-like structure which forms the rounded arch

73
Q

Atlas (C1)

A

Has lateral masses that articulate with the occipital condyles of the skull; rotates on the dens of the axis; lacks a body

74
Q

Axis (C2)

A

Allows rotation of the head via the dens, which is unique to the axis

75
Q

Dens

A

Bony feature of the axis that extends superiorly into the vertebral Foramen of the atlas

76
Q

Lateral masses

A

Bony features of the atlas that articulate superiorly with the occipital condyles of the skull and inferiorly with the axis

77
Q

Atlanta-axial joint

A

Between the atlas and axis

78
Q

Atlanto-occipital joint

A

Between the atlas and the occipital bone

79
Q

Intervertebral joint

A

Between the vertebrae

80
Q

Vertebrocostal joint

A

Between the vertebrae and ribs

81
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Between the sternum and clavicle (collar bone)

82
Q

Sternocostal

A

Between the sternum and ribs

Bio 201 Lab (10 decks)

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