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Bio 201 Lab > Brain & Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain & Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

Any nerve or ganglia outside of the CNS

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3
Q

Sensory/Afferent Division

A

Carries signals to the CNS

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4
Q

Motor/Efferent Division

A

Carries signals from the CNS to glands and muscle cells

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5
Q

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Carries signals to glands, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Responsible for visceral reflexes

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6
Q

Sympathetic Division

A

Arouses the body for action/fight-or-flight

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7
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A

Has calming effect on body/rest and digest

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8
Q

Dura Mater

A

Tough two-layered sheet of fibrous connective tissue

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9
Q

Subdural Space

A

Virtual space between the dura and arachnoid membrane

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10
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

Web-like structure that secures blood vessels

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11
Q

Subarachnoid Space

A

CSF-filled space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

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12
Q

Pia Mater

A

Thin shiny layer that adheres to the contours of the brain

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13
Q

Sulci/Sulcus

A

Shallow grooves

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14
Q

Fissures

A

Deep grooves that separate brain structures

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15
Q

Gyri/gyrus

A

Thick rounded folds

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16
Q

Cerebrum

A

Largest part of the brain

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17
Q

Central Sulcus

A

Divides the frontal and parietal lobes

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18
Q

Lateral Sulci

A

Separates the temporal and parietal lobes

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19
Q

Longitudinal fissure

A

Separates the left and right hemispheres

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20
Q

Transverse Fissure

A

Separates the cerebellum and the occipital lobe

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21
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects the right and left hemispheres

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22
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Consists of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes

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23
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Voluntary motor functions, motivation, foresight, planning, memory, mood, emotion, social judgment, and aggression

24
Q

Parietal Lobes

A

Primary site for receiving and interpreting signals of the general senses and taste

25
Q

Temporal Lobes

A

Hearing, equilibrium, smell, learning, memory, and emotion

26
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Visual center of the brain

27
Q

Diencephalon

A

Consists of the thalamus, hypothalamus, infundibulum, mammillary body, pineal gland, pituitary gland, and fornix

28
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay center for sensory information

29
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Major control center for regulation of homeostasis responses such as hormone secretion, autonomic effects, thermoregulation, and food/water intake

30
Q

Infundibulum

A

Connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland

31
Q

Mammillary body

A

Relay center for long-term memory

32
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Regulates circadian rhythms and produces melatonin

33
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Works with hypothalamus to release/secrete hormones

34
Q

Fornix

A

Connects hippocampus to mammillary body

35
Q

Cerebellum

A

Contains the arbor vitae and more than half of all brain neurons (100 billion)

36
Q

Arbor Vitae

A

Tree of life that brings sensory motor information to and from the cerebellum. Involved in fine motor skills, spatial perception, synchronizing muscular actions, timekeeping, and distinguishing pitch

37
Q

Brain Stem

A

Contains the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata

38
Q

Midbrain

A

Connects the diencephalon to the pons

39
Q

Corpora Quadrigemina

A

Formed from superior (visual) and inferior (auditory) colliculi

40
Q

Pons

A

Connects brain stem to cerebellum. Contains ascending sensory tracts and descending motor tracts

41
Q

Medulla Oblongata

A

Connects spinal cord to pons and contains the cardiac, vasomotor, respiratory, and reflex centers

42
Q

Ventricles of Brain

A

Spaces in brain occupied by CSF and allows the flow of CSF throughout the CNS

43
Q

Order of flow for Ventricles

A

Lateral ventricles, interventricular Foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle, central canal

44
Q

Olfactory Nerve (I)

A

Sensory nerve for smell

45
Q

Optic Nerve (II)

A

Sensory nerve for vision

46
Q

Oculomotor Nerve (III)

A

Motor nerve for eye movement (rectus muscles), opening of eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris), and pupil constriction

47
Q

Trochlear Nerve (IV)

A

Motor nerve for eye movement (superior oblique muscle)

48
Q

Trigeminal Nerve (V)

A

2 sensory divisions (ophthalmic and maxillary) and one mixed (mandibular). Sensory function of face and motor function of muscles of mastication

49
Q

Abducens Nerve (VI)

A

Motor nerve for lateral movement of eye (lateral rectus muscle)

50
Q

Facial Nerve (VII)

A

Mixed nerve with sensory function of taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue and motor function of various facial/neck muscles and glands

51
Q

Vestibulocochlear Nerve (VIII)

A

Sensory nerve for hearing and balance

52
Q

Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)

A

Mixed nerve with sensory function of taste, touch, pressure, pin, and temperature on posterior 1/3 of tongue. Motor function of salivation, swallowing, and gagging

53
Q

Vagus Nerve (X)

A

Mixed nerve with sensory function of taste, hunger, and fullness and motor function of swallowing, speech, and regulation of heart & GI tract

54
Q

Accessory Nerve (XI)

A

Motor nerve for swallowing, head, neck, and shoulder movements

55
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

A

Motor nerve of tongue movements for speech, food manipulation, and swallowing

Bio 201 Lab (10 decks)

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