General medicine

Question 1

Vitamin A deficiency

Answer 1

Night blindness

Question 2

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Answer 2

Beriberi - polyneuropathy, Wernicke-Korsakoff, heart failure

Question 3

Vitamin B3 (Niacin) deficiency

Answer 3

Pellagra - dermatitis, diarrhoea, dementia

Question 4

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) deficiency

Answer 4

Anaemia, irritability, seizures

Question 5

Vitamin B7 (biotin) deficiency

Answer 5

Dermatitis, seborrhoea

Question 6

Vitamin B9 (folic acid) deficiency

Answer 6

Megaloblastic anaemia
Deficiency during pregnancy - neural tube defects

Question 7

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer 7

Megaloblastic anaemia, peripheral neuropathy

Question 8

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) deficiency

Answer 8

Scurvy - gingivitis, bleeding

Question 9

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 9

Rickets, osteomalacia

Question 10

Vitamin E deficiency

Answer 10

Mild haemolytic anaemia in newborns
Ataxia, peripheral neuropathy

Question 11

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 11

Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
Bleeding diathesis

Question 12

Ramipril monitoring/initiation

Answer 12

U&Es at baseline, 2 weeks after starting treatment (and after each dose change)
Creatinine can increase up to 30% from baseline
Potassium can increase up to 5.5

Question 13

T wave inversion associated with…

Answer 13

MI, PE, intracranial haemorrhage

Question 14

Prolonged QT associated with…

Answer 14

Medications e.g. antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics
Electrolyte abnormalities e.g. hypocalcaemia, hypomagnesaemia
Congenital long QT syndrome

Question 15

U waves associated with

Answer 15

Hypokalaemia
Bradycardia
LVH
Digoxin

Question 16

Peaked P waves associated with

Answer 16

Right atrial enlargement due to COPD or pulmonary hypertension

Question 17

ECG changes in hyperkalaemia

Answer 17

Tall tented T waves, small P waves, widened QRS

Question 18

When to give statins for primary prevention

Answer 18

Q risk >/= 10% OR most T1DM OR CKD if eGFR <60

Primary prevention dose 20mg atorvastatin

Question 19

Secondary prevention statin dose

Answer 19

80mg atorvastatin

Question 20

Which NSAID is contraindicated in IHD?

Answer 20

Diclofenac (not topical)

Question 21

Contraindications to diclofenac use

Answer 21

Ischaemic heart disease
Peripheral arterial disease
Cerebrovascular disease
Congestive heart failure

Question 22

Which drugs can cause hypothyroidism

Answer 22

Lithium
Amiodarone (can also cause hyper)
Carbimazole

Question 23

Mechanism of action of metformin

Answer 23

Decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis and increases peripheral insulin sensitivity
May also reduce GI absorption of carbs

Question 24

Mechanism of action of gliptins

Answer 24

DPP-4 inhibitors
Reduce peripheral breakdown of incretins e.g. GLP-1

Question 25

Mechanism of actions of sulfonylureas

Answer 25

Increase pancreatic insulin secretion