Cardiology

Question 1

Second line treatment for heart failure

Answer 1

Aldosterone antagonist - spironolactone
Can also add in SGLT-2 inhibitors (flozins)

Question 2

First line treatment for heart failure

Answer 2

ACE inhibitor and beta blocker

Question 3

Cardiac arrest following MI caused by

Answer 3

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 4

AV block is more common following MI in which region?

Answer 4

Inferior

Question 5

Common complication of transmural MI

Answer 5

Pericarditis

Question 6

Dressler’s syndrome

Answer 6

2-6 weeks following MI
Autoimmune response as myocardium recovers
Fever, pleuritic pain, pericardial effusion, raised ESR
Treated with NSAIDs

Question 7

Left ventricular aneurysm

Answer 7

Persistent ST elevation and LV failure
Thrombus may form in the aneurysm - anticoag required

Question 8

Left ventricular free wall rupture

Answer 8

1-2 weeks post-MI
Acute heart failure secondary to cardiac tamponade
Requires urgent pericardiocentesis and thoracotomy

Question 9

Ventricular septal defect

Answer 9

In first week post-MI
Acute HF with pan-systolic murmur

Question 10

Papillary muscle rupture

Answer 10

Acute hypotension and pulmonary oedema
Causes acute mitral regurg
Early to mid systolic murmur