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Intermediate Mandarin > General Grammar > Flashcards

General Grammar Flashcards

1
Q

two ways of denoting that you give a gift to someone

A
  • gift + 送給 + receiver

- 送 + gift + 給 + receiver

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2
Q

not only X, but also Y

A

不但 X，而且Y

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3
Q 
X is (not) far from Y
X is (not) close to Y
A

X 離 Y (不)遠/近

- can also use 很 or 大 before the adjective

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4
Q

a character placed before the verb to denote the need to do this action

A

得 + verb

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5
Q

how to denote getting on or off a means of transportation

A

on: 上 transportation
off: 下 transportation

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6
Q

asking for how many:

  1. for large amounts
  2. for small amounts
A
  1. 多少 noun/adj

2. 幾 MW + noun/adj

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7
Q

When X happens

A

X 的時候

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8
Q

two ways of denoting that an action is ongoing

A

在 + verb (+ object)

Verb + 著 (+ object)

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9
Q

if X, then Y

A

如果 X, (subject) 就 Y

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10
Q

denoting that you never do something

A

subject + 從來不 + verb

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11
Q

Although X, Y
or
X, but Y

A

雖然 X, 但是 Y

- subject in first sentence can be placed before or after the 雖然

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12
Q

both adj and adj

A

又 adj 又 adj

- must both be positive or negative

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13
Q

measure words for:

  1. clothing tops, like shirts and jackets
  2. some long and soft objects, like pants and dresses
  3. some objects that come in pairs
A
  1. 件
  2. 條
  3. 雙
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14
Q

X is more adj than Y

A

X 比 Y adj

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15
Q

showing a brief, casual action

A

repeating the verb twice in a row

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16
Q

you finish an action

A

verb + 完

- if it has already happened, put a 了 after 完

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17
Q

doing something together with someone

A

first person + (verb) + 跟 + second person + 一起 + the action being done together

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18
Q

saying something happened later than expected

A

time + 才 + verb

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19
Q

denoting that something doesn’t happen, but in the past

A

沒有 + verb

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20
Q

denoting that you have done something or have experience with something (or not)

A

(沒) + verb + 過

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21
Q

denoting that there is / are something at a certain noun

A

noun + (沒)有 + something

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22
Q

measure words for:

  1. objects like books and magazines
  2. some flat objects, like papers and tables
  3. some animals, like cats, dogs and birds
A
  1. 本
  2. 張
  3. 只
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23
Q

verb and objects of:

  1. swimming
  2. running
  3. dancing
A
  1. 游泳
  2. 跑步
  3. 跳舞
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24
Q

denoting how long you have done an action

A

verb (了) + time (+ 的 + object)

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25
Q

measure words for:

  1. cups, glasses
  2. pieces
  3. bowls
A
  1. 杯
  2. 塊
  3. 碗
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26
Q

denoting time:

  1. 9:45
  2. 6:50
  3. 4:45
A
  1. 九點三刻 or 十點差一刻
  2. 六點五十分 or 七點差十分
  3. 四點四十五分 or 五點差一刻
    - all instances of 差 can also be used before the time rather than after like in the example
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27
Q

denoting that you are riding on certain form transportation

A

坐 + transportation

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28
Q
  1. a little bit adj

2. a little bit noun

A
  1. 有點兒 adj

2. 一點兒 noun

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29
Q

two ways of using 不要 + verb

A
  1. to not want something

2. to tell someone not to do something

30
Q

every single noun

A

每 + noun + 都

31
Q

two ways of connecting an adj with a noun

A

noun + 很 + adj

adj + 的 + noun

32
Q

using ‘or’:

  1. in a statement
  2. in a question
A
  1. 或者

2. 還是

33
Q

because X, Y
or
X, so Y

A

因為 X，所以 Y

- in informal setting either one can be omitted

34
Q

asking someone if they have seen someone/thing they are looking for

A

你看見 + missing thing/person + 了嗎

35
Q

what direction does time flow to in China?

A

in China time flows down:
上個月 = last month
下個月 = next month

36
Q

doing something a bit

A

verb + 一下

37
Q
  • excuse me, how many of you?

- two

A
  • 請問，幾位？
  • 兩位
  • when asking for the amount of people in a formal setting, always use 位
38
Q

from X, to Y

A

從 X，到 Y

39
Q

how do i get to X?

A

到 X 怎麽走

40
Q

something is located:

  1. in front
  2. behind
  3. left
  4. right
  5. side
A
  1. 前面
  2. 後面
  3. 左邊
  4. 右邊
  5. 旁邊
41
Q

walking towards a certain direction

A

往 + direction + 走

42
Q

the meaning of 很

A

很 is usually used before an adjective, but rarely really means ‘very’. when used in a question sentence, 很 is used less often, however when used, will often mean ‘very’

43
Q

denoting that something is about to happen

A

快要 verb 了

44
Q

attending a class or ending a class

A

attending: 上課
ending: 下課

45
Q
  1. X is the same as Y

2. X is as adj as Y

A
  1. X 像 Y 一樣

2 X 像 Y 一樣 adj

46
Q

how to put emphasis on a particular part of the sentence

A

place 是 before the part emphasized and put a 的 at the end of the sentence

47
Q
  1. the day before yesterday

2. the day after tomorrow

A
  1. 前天

2. 後天

48
Q
  1. winter
  2. spring
  3. summer
  4. fall
A
  1. 冬天
  2. 春天
  3. 夏天
  4. 秋天
49
Q

near the noun

A

noun 附近

50
Q
  1. between X and Y

2. among X

A
  1. X 和 Y 中間

2. X 中間

51
Q
  1. there is X in/on/above Y

2. X is under Y

A
  1. Y 上面有 X

2. X 在 Y 下面

52
Q

words for money:

  1. informal
  2. formal
A

full - decimal - cents
1. 塊 - 毛 - 分
2 元 - 角 - 分

53
Q
  1. after verb

2. before verb

A
  1. verb 以後

2. verb 以前

54
Q
  1. subject’s previous X

2. subject’s next X

A
  1. subject 以前的 X

2. subject 以後的 X

55
Q

denoting that an action is done immediately

A

馬上 verb/action

56
Q

doing X and Y at the same time

A

一邊 X，一邊 Y

57
Q

still haven’t done verb

A

還沒有 verb

58
Q
  1. except for X, Y does Z

2. in addition to X, Y also does Z

A
  1. 除了X，Y 都 Z

2. 除了X，Y 還 Z

59
Q

extremely adj

A

adj 極了

60
Q

more adj/adj-er

  1. colder
  2. more delicious
A

比較 adj

  1. 比較冷
  2. 比較好吃
61
Q

two ways of wearing:

  1. wearing clothes
  2. wearing accessories
A
  1. 穿 clothes

2. 戴 accessories

62
Q

X is at Y’s east side

A

X 在 Y 的東邊

- 東 can be replaced with any cardinal direction

63
Q
  1. doing an action by yourself

2. doing an action alone

A
  1. subject 自己 verb/action
  2. subject 一個人 verb/action
    - you can put extra emphasis on doing it alone by combining them in one sentence: 自己一個人
64
Q

denoting that something has been done for some time

ex: i have been learning Chinese for two years

A

add 了 after the verb and also at the end of the sentence

  • if the verb has an object, then the verb should be repeated after the object before 了 can be placed
    ex: 我學中文學了兩年了
65
Q

saying something is even more adj

66
Q

someone looks adj

A

someone 看起來 adj

67
Q

doing something adj-ly

ex: she smiled happily

A

adj 地 action/verb

ex: 他高興地笑了

68
Q

X borrows Y from Z

A

X 向 Z 借 Y

xiang4, jie4

69
Q

to have read/heard/seen etc something clearly

A

verb 清楚

- to negate, either place 不 after the verb or 沒有 before the verb

70
Q

expressing that something is incredibly adj, usually shouting it

A

多麽 adj 啊

71
Q

X is interested in Y

A

X 對 Y 有興趣

X 對 Y 感興趣

72
Q

more than X

ex: more than 20

A

X 多

ex: 二十多

Intermediate Mandarin (12 decks)

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