Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Artificial Intelligence Basics > General Concept and History of AI > Flashcards

General Concept and History of AI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of AI?

A

techniques for modeling human intelligence using computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the field of AI study?

A

cognition, thinking, or learning like humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main goal of AI?

A

integrate human intelligence activities into computers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another goal of AI?

A

applying intelligent principles to computers to apply them to real life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What fields other than computer science can AI be used for?

A

social sciences, film, art, music, agriculture, business, and advertising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True or False: some believe that the era of AI cannot be changed or stopped?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of tasks do people expect AI to do?

A

those that require hard work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Like humans overcoming the limitations of muscle with the industrial era, what is AI expected to overcome?

A

the limitations of the human brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an example of an AI robot?

A

tomato harvesting robots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When did research for AI begin?

A

the mid 1950s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What tasks/accomplishments was AI originally limited to?

A

games, problem solving, and text recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who developed the world’s first emotional recognition robot and what is its name?

A

Softbank (japan) and ‘her’ name is Pepper

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What can Pepper do?

A

communicate with humans and infer emotions from people’s expressions and intonation changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Z-Machine?

A

a 3-robot band that can compose jazz, rock, etc on the fly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

True or false: some believe that AI will bring about the greatest revolution in human history?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What phase of development are autonomous vehicles in?

A

road test phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In what year was the world’s first electronic computer developed?

A

1946

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was the name of the world’s first electronic computer?

A

ENIAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In what year was AI first named?

A

1956

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Who theoretically founded the digital computer?

A

Alan Turing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Who later designed computer architecture?

A

Von Neumann

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are a computer’s major devices?

A

memory, control, arithmetic, and I/O devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Which computer devices are likened to the human brain/nervous system?

A

memory, control, arithmetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which computer devices are likened to ears and mouth (sense organs)?

A

I/O devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is a computer?

A

a machine that processes memories and performs calculations quickly and accurately

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the name ‘computer’ derived from?

A

a device that performs calculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

True or false: currently, computers only do what they are told to do?

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some advantages of AI?

A

higher levels of intelligence, replace laborious jobs, convenience, increased efficiency and productivity, quick judgments, avoiding human error, reduce danger to humans by performing dangerous tasks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are some disadvantages of AI?

A

loss of human jobs, ethical problems, too much reliance on AI can cloud human judgment, excessive monitoring of humans by AI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

True or false: research of the human brain is not necessary for AI development?

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the human brain made up of?

A

neurons

32
Q

About how many neurons are in the human brain?

A

14 billion

33
Q

About how much does a human baby’s brain weigh?

A

400g

34
Q

What percentage of an average adult brain’s weight does a baby brain make up?

A

30%

35
Q

True or false: you can grow more neurons in your lifetime?

A

false, neurons cannot in reproduce or grow after birth

36
Q

After what age do humans start losing tens of thousands of neurons daily?

A

20

37
Q

What is the goal of neural network AI research?

A

mimicking the human brain’s makeup and function

38
Q

What are some main abilities of intelligence?

A

learning and logical reasoning, pattern recognition and situation interpretation, analyzing the nature of problems, solving problems

39
Q

What are some abilities of the human brain?

A

fast and accurate calculations, memory, quick reasoning, spatial perception, shape, object, and text recognition, imagination

40
Q

What are 3 ways that AI cannot mimic human intelligence?

A

imagination, intuition, understanding

41
Q

AI is a core technology of which industrial revolution?

A

the 4th industrial revolution

42
Q

When was the prep period of AI?

A

1943-1956

43
Q

In 1943 what idea did McCulloch et al introduce?

A

that the human brain is made of binary logical elements like AND, OR, and NOT

44
Q

What did Hebb hypothesize in 1949?

A

learning effect happens during repeated firing between neurons

45
Q

When did Turing propose machine’s could talk to humans and what did that give way to?

A

1950, the Turing test

46
Q

What years demarcated the Cradle of AI?

A

1956-1974

47
Q

What event in 1956 kicked off AI research?

A

Dartmouth’s ‘Summer Workshop’

48
Q

How many people gathered to define the concept of AI?

A

10

49
Q

Who suggested calling it AI?

A

John McCarthy

50
Q

Which neural network theory was developed in 1957 and by who?

A

Mark I Perceptron by Rosenblatt

51
Q

What was the first AI programming language, who developed it and in what year was it developed?

A

LISP, McCarthy, 1962

52
Q

What AI product was developed in 1966 and what was it?

A

ELIZA a chatbot

53
Q

When did Minsky and Papert publish the book ‘Perceptrons’?

A

1969

54
Q

Why did neural network research fall into a slump?

A

exposure of a critical problems for perceptrons

55
Q

What years were the first winter of AI?

A

1974-1980

56
Q

Why did AI have the first winter?

A

many disappointments, unmet expectations

57
Q

When was the AI boom?

A

1980-1987

58
Q

What characterized the beginning of the AI boom?

A

revival of neural networks

59
Q

What model replaced the ‘single-layer perceptron’?

A

the ‘multi-layer perceptron’

60
Q

What did Rumelhart propose during the AI boom?

A

the back propagation algorithm

61
Q

What did neural networks contribute to in the AI boom?

A

image and character recognition through pattern recognition

62
Q

What years characterized the second winter of AI?

A

1987-1993

63
Q

Why did the second winter of AI happen?

A

stagnant neural network research due to slow computing speed, loss of funding, loss of research companies

64
Q

When was the stable period of AI?

A

1993-2011

65
Q

What new concepts were introduced during the stable period of AI?

A

machine learning such as Bayesian networks

66
Q

In what year did IBM’s Deep Blue defeat a chess world champion?

A

1997

67
Q

What did Prof Hinton propose in 2004?

A

a learning algorithm based on deep learning

68
Q

Which field is deep learning widely used in?

A

photo, video, and voice classification

69
Q

What happened in 2011 with IBM’s Watson?

A

it beat human winners in TV quiz show

70
Q

What is the name of the current period of AI?

A

the renaissance period of AI since 2011

71
Q

When did Google develop a DNN?

A

2012

72
Q

How many neural networks/computers are currently in use for AI research?

A

> 1 billion/~16,000

73
Q

Which DNN has been successful?

A

cat image recognition software

74
Q

What is the name of Facebook’s facial recognition and when was is released?

A

DeepFace, 2014

75
Q

What kick-started the AI renaissance?

A

overcoming disadvantages of existing NN models, powerful/fast GPUs, big data

76
Q

In what year did AlphaGo win the Go match agains Lee SeDol?

A

2016

Artificial Intelligence Basics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions