Artificial Intelligence Research Flashcards
What are 2 classifications of AI?
rule-based and neural-network based
What does rule-based AI focus on?
symbols and logic
From which question did rule-based AI start?
How to symbolize concepts or intelligence?
What are the main areas of interest with rule-based AI?
mathematical theorem proving and natural language processing
What did rule-based AI shift towards in the early 1980s?
expert systems applications
In what areas does rule-based AI perform well?
deductive reasoning, logical reasoning, expert systems
True or false: No groundbreaking methodology has arisen for rule-based AI since the mid 1980s?
true
What are some limitations of rule-based AI?
training difficult to implement, limitations in pattern recognition for text, voice, video, etc.
Where do neural networks take their ideas from?
the connections between neurons in the human brain
When and with who did the neural network research begin?
1957, Rosenblatt
After what did neural network research decline rapidly?
the publication of ‘Perceptrons’ in 1969
What is the latest learning method in the neural network family?
deep learning
What is the main difference between rule-based AI and ANN-based AI?
rule-based asks “What does the brain do?” and ANN-based asks “How does the brain work?”
What are the research fields for rule-based AI?
mathematical theorem proofs/problem solving, natural language processing (NLP), and expert systems
What are applications of NLP AI?
chatbots, translators, spam filters, search engines
How does expert system work?
input from the user interface goes through a rules engine to get information from a knowledge base created by knowledge from an expert, then returns output/advice/information to the user
What does an ANN consist of?
a network of numerous neural network processors, like a brain
What are research fields for ANN-based AI?
character, pattern, and image recognition, generative models, generative adversal network, and reinforcement learning
List some research topics for ANN-based AI.
biological neural networks, learning ability and characteristics of NN, printed and hand-written character recognition, real-time voice recognition, image recognition technology, object recognition within videos
What were the prominent characteristics of AI research in the Early era (60~70s)?
problem solving, processing and translation of natural language, games, character and number recognition (NN), proof of new mathematical theorem
When was the first chess playing program created and by whom?
1951 Dietrich Prinz
What were the prominent characteristics of AI research in the 1980~2000s?
expert systems, DeepBlue in 1997, intelligent agent research (ex roomba, self driving cars), ML such as Bayesian networks
What were the prominent characteristics of AI research from 2000s until now?
deep learning algorithms, Watson, AlphaGo, big data
What are 5 AI systems that impressed the world?
Mark I Perceptron, Mycin, DeepBlue, Watson, AlphaGo
What is the Mark I Perceptron?
the first NN model developed in 1957 by Rosenblatt that did character recognition
What is Mycin?
an expert system developed in 1976 at Stanford that diagnoses and prescribes treatments for blood infections
What is DeepBlue?
an AI supercomputer/expert system developed by IBM that became the world chess champion in 1997 with 32 microprocessors and 512 chess chips
What is Watson?
an expert system developed by IBM that won Jeopardy in 2010 and can interact with voice prompts by responding in turn, and is still active now in the medical field and the service industry
What is AlphaGo?
a NN based system developed by Google and became the Go world champion in 2016 by utilizing deep learning with professional players
Who was Alan Turing?
a British mathematician, cryptographer, and computer scientist aka Father of Computer Science
What is the Turing Award?
equivalent to the Nobel Prize in computing awarded to a person who has made significant achievements in the computer field
How long has the Turing Award been being awarded?
since 1966
Who is the Turing Award currently sponsored by?
Who is a pioneer of deep learning and also received the Turing Award in 2018?
Hinton
When was Turing born?
1912
Where did Turing go to school and what did he study?
at Cambridge he studied mathematics
What is the Turing test?
a technique to test AI performance based on the idea: “A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human”
What was the first AI program to pass the Turing test?
Eugene Goostman (chatbot)
Where and when was EG developed?
at University of Reading in the UK in June 2014
