Artificial Intelligence Research

Question 1

What are 2 classifications of AI?

Answer 1

rule-based and neural-network based

Question 2

What does rule-based AI focus on?

Answer 2

symbols and logic

Question 3

From which question did rule-based AI start?

Answer 3

How to symbolize concepts or intelligence?

Question 4

What are the main areas of interest with rule-based AI?

Answer 4

mathematical theorem proving and natural language processing

Question 5

What did rule-based AI shift towards in the early 1980s?

Answer 5

expert systems applications

Question 6

In what areas does rule-based AI perform well?

Answer 6

deductive reasoning, logical reasoning, expert systems

Question 7

True or false: No groundbreaking methodology has arisen for rule-based AI since the mid 1980s?

Answer 7

true

Question 8

What are some limitations of rule-based AI?

Answer 8

training difficult to implement, limitations in pattern recognition for text, voice, video, etc.

Question 9

Where do neural networks take their ideas from?

Answer 9

the connections between neurons in the human brain

Question 10

When and with who did the neural network research begin?

Answer 10

1957, Rosenblatt

Question 11

After what did neural network research decline rapidly?

Answer 11

the publication of ‘Perceptrons’ in 1969

Question 12

What is the latest learning method in the neural network family?

Answer 12

deep learning

Question 13

What is the main difference between rule-based AI and ANN-based AI?

Answer 13

rule-based asks “What does the brain do?” and ANN-based asks “How does the brain work?”

Question 14

What are the research fields for rule-based AI?

Answer 14

mathematical theorem proofs/problem solving, natural language processing (NLP), and expert systems

Question 15

What are applications of NLP AI?

Answer 15

chatbots, translators, spam filters, search engines

Question 16

How does expert system work?

Answer 16

input from the user interface goes through a rules engine to get information from a knowledge base created by knowledge from an expert, then returns output/advice/information to the user

Question 17

What does an ANN consist of?

Answer 17

a network of numerous neural network processors, like a brain

Question 18

What are research fields for ANN-based AI?

Answer 18

character, pattern, and image recognition, generative models, generative adversal network, and reinforcement learning

Question 19

List some research topics for ANN-based AI.

Answer 19

biological neural networks, learning ability and characteristics of NN, printed and hand-written character recognition, real-time voice recognition, image recognition technology, object recognition within videos

Question 20

What were the prominent characteristics of AI research in the Early era (60~70s)?

Answer 20

problem solving, processing and translation of natural language, games, character and number recognition (NN), proof of new mathematical theorem

Question 21

When was the first chess playing program created and by whom?

Answer 21

1951 Dietrich Prinz

Question 22

What were the prominent characteristics of AI research in the 1980~2000s?

Answer 22

expert systems, DeepBlue in 1997, intelligent agent research (ex roomba, self driving cars), ML such as Bayesian networks

Question 23

What were the prominent characteristics of AI research from 2000s until now?

Answer 23

deep learning algorithms, Watson, AlphaGo, big data

Question 24

What are 5 AI systems that impressed the world?

Answer 24

Mark I Perceptron, Mycin, DeepBlue, Watson, AlphaGo

Question 25

What is the Mark I Perceptron?

Answer 25

the first NN model developed in 1957 by Rosenblatt that did character recognition

Question 26

What is Mycin?

Answer 26

an expert system developed in 1976 at Stanford that diagnoses and prescribes treatments for blood infections

Question 27

What is DeepBlue?

Answer 27

an AI supercomputer/expert system developed by IBM that became the world chess champion in 1997 with 32 microprocessors and 512 chess chips

Question 28

What is Watson?

Answer 28

an expert system developed by IBM that won Jeopardy in 2010 and can interact with voice prompts by responding in turn, and is still active now in the medical field and the service industry

Question 29

What is AlphaGo?

Answer 29

a NN based system developed by Google and became the Go world champion in 2016 by utilizing deep learning with professional players

Question 30

Who was Alan Turing?

Answer 30

a British mathematician, cryptographer, and computer scientist aka Father of Computer Science

Question 31

What is the Turing Award?

Answer 31

equivalent to the Nobel Prize in computing awarded to a person who has made significant achievements in the computer field

Question 32

How long has the Turing Award been being awarded?

Answer 32

since 1966

Question 33

Who is the Turing Award currently sponsored by?

Answer 33

Google

Question 34

Who is a pioneer of deep learning and also received the Turing Award in 2018?

Answer 34

Hinton

Question 35

When was Turing born?

Answer 35

1912

Question 36

Where did Turing go to school and what did he study?

Answer 36

at Cambridge he studied mathematics

Question 37

What is the Turing test?

Answer 37

a technique to test AI performance based on the idea: “A computer would deserve to be called intelligent if it could deceive a human into believing that it was human”

Question 38

What was the first AI program to pass the Turing test?

Answer 38

Eugene Goostman (chatbot)

Question 39

Where and when was EG developed?

Answer 39

at University of Reading in the UK in June 2014