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REVIEWER > General Biology 2 > Flashcards

General Biology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Carries the genetic information in all
living organisms.

A

DNA

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2
Q

a single stranded type of nucleic acids
that is mostly involved in protein synthesis

A

RNA

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3
Q

is a protein molecule that catalyzes
biochemical reaction.

A

enzymes

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4
Q

is the molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

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5
Q

is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of
an organism

A

Genetic Engineering

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6
Q

breeding involves selecting a parent that have characteristics of interest

A

Classical Breeding

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7
Q

STEPS IN CLASSICAL BREEDING

A
  1. Determine which trait are significant enough to be chosen.
  2. Select parent that exemplify these traits
  3. Choose the best offspring from parents to produce the next generation.
  4. Repeat the process.
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8
Q

The technology used for producing artificial
DNA through the combination of different genetic materials (DNA) from different sources.

A

Recombinant DNA Technology

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9
Q

STEPS IN CREATING A RECOMBINANT DNA

A
  1. Cutting or cleaving of DNA and plasmid by “restriction enzyme”.
  2. Inserting of gene of interest into the open plasmid by “DNA ligase”.
  3. Insert the recombinant plasmid back to the bacterial cell.
  4. Isolation of the gene copies and insertion to other organisms to confer the desired trait.
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10
Q

EXAMPLES OF GMO

A
  1. BT CORN- Bacillus thuringiensis, resistant to corn-borer disease.
  2. BT EGGPLANT - Bacillus thuringiensis,
    resistant to eggplant fruit and shoot borer
  3. GOLDEN RICE - ß (beta) carotene, pre
    cursor Vitamin A.
  4. HUMAN INSULIN - People with type I
    diabetes could not synthesize their own insulin. Thus, they need to inject themselves daily
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11
Q

made up of sequences of DNA and are arranged, one after another, at specific locations on chromosomes in the nucleus of cells.

A

GENE

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12
Q

Different version of a gene resulting in contracting effect on a characteristic, e.g. tallness and shortness.

A

ALLELES

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13
Q

For each character, an organism inherits two alleles, one from each parent
Genes are not alleles, but alleles are genes

A
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14
Q

An individual with identical alleles for a gene; also called PURE BREED

A

HOMOZYGOUS

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15
Q

An individual with 2 different alleles for a gene.

A

HETEROZYGOUS

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16
Q

Allele processed by an individual
for a particular gene.

A

Genotype

17
Q

Observable characteristics of
an individual with respect to the gene

A

Phenotype

18
Q

Used to determine the various combination of
genes.

A

Punnet Square Method

19
Q

Austrian Monk.
Experimented with “pea plants”

A

Gregor Mendel

20
Q

Allele for a character is segregated into
different gametes. (Medelian Genetics)

A

Law of Segregation

21
Q

Each allele pair segregates
independently of other allele pairs.

A

Law of Independent Assortment

22
Q

One allele dominant trait in a pair may
mask the other (recessive trait) preventing the other from having an effec

A

Principle of Dominance

23
Q

The phenotype of the heterozygote is a 3rd
trait that is district and different from the
phenotype of the homozygotes for the two

A

Incomplete Dominance

24
Q

Neither of the allele is masked both is
expressed in organism; the phenotype of the
heterozygote is a combination of the two homozygous phenotypes.

A

Co-Dominance

25
Q

More than 2 alleles control the trait; thus,
more than 3 or more phenotypes are possible.

A

Multiple Alleles

26
Q

Formation of the Earth

A

Hadean

27
Q

Anaerobic life forms still limited to single cells

A

Archean

28
Q

Rise of Multicellular organisms

A

Proterozoic

29
Q

Age of Invertebrates

A

Cambrian

30
Q

Earliest appearance of vertebrates

A

Ordovician

31
Q

Emerge of Terrestrial life

A

Silurian

32
Q

“Age of fishes”, appearance of first amphibians

A

Devonian

33
Q

Evolution of first reptiles

A

Carboniferous

34
Q

Amphibians, repltiles, and conifer plants

A

Permian

35
Q

Know as the age of reptiles, rise of the dinosaurs

A

Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic

36
Q

Known as the “age of mammals” and “age of Flowering Plants”

A

Quarternary (Rise of Mammals), Tertiary (Rise of Man)

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