General AHPS Flashcards
Why do most industries have some sort of research body?
- Can produce significant returns on financial investment
- Research is vital to maintain industry competitiveness
- Some industry funds are matched by public monies (e.g. some funding to MLA and AWI) (govt. funding)
(CSIRO & INRA)
What are Cooperative Research Centres?
CRCs- Govt/ industry: CRCs in AUS provide funding to build critical mass in research ventures between end-users and researchers, tackle challenges for end users, pursue innovative solutions to these challenges
e.g. Australian Seafood, Sheep Industry Innovation, Internationally Competitive Pork Industry, Invasive Animals, Beef Genetic Technologies, Dairy Futures, Future Farm Industries, Poultry
What is the role of Peak councils- agro-political bodies?
Representative structure to liaise and influence govt. or regulatory bodies, improve commo with other peak bodies (e.g. Sheep meats council and Cattle council in AUS), funding model- compulsory v. voluntary levy, common to most agricultural pursuits (e.g. National Cattlemens Association in the USA)
Who are some govt. bodies in the regulatory sector?
APVMA, DPI
Who are some govt. decision at the commonwealth level?
PIMC/PISC, OIE
Peak rural bodies?
Cattle council, SMC
Who are research providers?
CSIRO and Universities
Who are research funders?
DA, MLA, AWI, RIRDC
What is the bovine gestation period?
283 days
What is the ovine gestation period?
145
What is the caprine gestation period?
150
What is the cervine (Red) gestation period?
250
What is the equine gestation period?
336
What is the canine gestation period?
63
What is the feline gestation period?
63
What is the chicken gestation period?
22
What is the porcine gestation period?
115
What is the human gestation period?
260-290
Who are seasonal breeders?
Horses, temperate deer, goats, long woold British Breeds (e.g. Border Leicester)- young will be born at a favorable time of year so more likely to survive and pass on genes (pineal gland)
Who is less seasonal (relatively)?
Cattle, merino & most short wool British Breeds
When are dairy cattle joined?
6 to 15-18 months. Depends on heifer weight/ body condition score (BCS)
How long is cattle gestation?
282 days
When do you wean dairy cattle?
1-3 days (20-40 kg)
When do you wean beef cattle?
4-10 months (140-400 kg)
When do you join beef cattle?
15 months
How long is dairy cattle lactation?
305 days (10-11 months) Peak 5 weeks post calving. No milk 60 days pre-calving
When are dairy cattle mated?
80-90 days post calving
When are dairy cattle reared?
420 days (from weaning to mating) Must be fed milk or milk substitue initially (Rumen development at 6 weeks)
Are dairy cattle seasonal?
Less seasonal
When are sheep mated for the first time?
Body condition score 3
How long is sheep gestation?
145 days (5 months)
When are wool sheep weaned?
6-12 weeks (20-50 kg)
When are lambs weaned? (meat sheep)
8-16 weeks (about 20 kg)
How long is sheep lactation?
Mother’s milk decreases towards weaning
When are sheep mated?
Over 5 weeks (2 cycles)
How long is goat gestation?
151 days