General Flashcards
what does BEWE stand for
basic erosive wear examination
BEWE scores
each sextant graded 0-3
0 - no erosive toothwear
1 - initial loss of surface texture
2 - distinct defect seeing hard tissue loss, less than 50% surface area
3 - hard tissue loss more than 50% surface area
name 3 virulence factors of porphyromonas gingivalis
atypical endotoxins
gingipains
fimbrillar adhesions
name 4 risk factors for candida
long term corticosteroid use
diabetes
dialysis
advanced HIV
immunosuppressive drugs
broad spectrum antibiotics
immunocompromised
what are the 2 main types of candida species and what are the differences between them
albicans and glabrata
albicans - sensitive to -azoles and has hyphae structure which allows it to adhere to tissues
glabrata - not sensitive to -azoles and no hyphae structure
pseudomembranous oral candidosis
white pronounced plaques which are easily rubbed away but may leave a bleeding surface
erythmatous oral candidosis
red and angry
either HIV related or denture related (denture stomatitis)
hyperplastic oral candidosis
white patches that cant be rubbed off
associated with candidal leukoplakia which can be a potentially malignant lesion
how may chronic candida drive oral cancer
yeasts (Candida) can metabolise simple sugars to CO2 and alcohol
acetaldehyde produced from subsequent alcohol breakdown is a carcinogen
name 3 enzymes that aid candida virulence
phospholipase - aids host cell penetration
haemolysin - degrades RBCs, aids hyphal invasion
proteinase - degrades proteins
what do azole anti fungals work
inhibit ergosterol synthesis (disrupt cell membrane integrity)
example of polyene antifungal
nystatin
how do polyene antifungals work
bind with ergosterol on cell membrane causing pores to open and cell contents to be lost
3 bacteria associated with periodontal disease
porphyromonas gingivalis
prevotella intermedia
tanerella forsythia
2 bacteria associated with gingivitis
actinomyces
prevotella intermedia
