BDS2 2 Flashcards
normal distance of bone from ACJ
1-2mm
what amount of attachment loss per year is considered rapid progression
> _2mm
normal rate of attachment loss
0.1mm a year but varies greatly
4 symptoms of periodontitis
mobility
bleeding gums
root sensitivity
black triangles
changes to bite (drifting)
bad taste in mouth
first pass metabolism
all blood from GIT drains to hepatic portal vein* meaning liver metabolises contents before they reach systemic circulation
decreases active drugs concentration prior to it reaching systemic circulation
- except sublingual and subrector
what method of drug administration is affected by first pass metabolism
oral administration
(IV, transdermal and subcutaneous avoid it)
cellular vs acellular cementum
cellular found in apical 1/3 of root, no role in tooth attachment (extrinsic)
acellular - cervical 2/3s , intrinsic fibres
what are the main PDL fibres made of
collagen
where on tooth is enamel thickest
cusps and incisal regions
cross striations
represent daily enamel growth
(seen within each enamel rod)
striae of retzius
represent weekly enamel formation
(brown horizontal stripes across many enamel rods)
what is enamel made of
hydroxyapatite (90%)
water
organic matrix
does irreversible or reversible pulpitis experience pain to cold stimuli
reversible
(cold and sweet)
what test is used to assess blood flow to pulp
(very expensive not routinely done)
laser doppler test
what are the 6 links on chain of infection model (in order)
infectious agent
reservoirs
portal of exit
mode of transmission
portal of entry
susceptible host
anaemia
reduction in haemoglobin in blood compared to normal values for that age group
3 potential oral implications of iron deficiency
candidiasis
recurrent oral ulceration
mucosal atrophy
achondroplasia
genetic defect of cartilage growth - endochondral ossification impaired whilst intramembranous unaffected
what type of drug is clopidogrel
anti platelet
risk of prolonged bleeding at time of trauma
what does posselts envelope of movement show
mandible movement
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve
temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical
asystole
no electrical activity and no cardiac output
what are the two shockable rhythms
ventricular fibrillation
pulseless ventricular tachycardia
name 2 microorganisms implicated in infective endocarditis
streptococcus mutans
streptococcus anginosus
name 3 cardiac patients that are not at increased risk of IE
CABG
angioplasty and stent
implanted pacemakers and defib
