BDS2 Flashcards
what are the 7 elements of caries risk
1 - clinical evidence
2 - social history
3 - fluoride
4 - medical history
5 - oral hygiene
6 - saliva
7 - dietary habits
(Can Someone Feed My Overweight Sausage Dog)
what is caries
localised destruction of susceptible dental hard tissues by acidic by products from bacterial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates
what is a white spot lesion
chalky light coloured area on enamel that is experiencing demineralisation but has not yet lost its structure
demineralisation happens by removing mineral content from tissue surrounding enamel rods leaving enlarged gaps between them and a weakened surface. rods remain intact until point at which enamel collapses (cavitation)
what information do you need to know to assess toxicity if toothpaste has been ingested
strength of toothpaste
amount of toothpaste
weight of child
epsteins pearls
harmless gingival cysts that may be seen in newborns
whiteish, found on gingiva, consist of keratin
congenital epulis
rare, seen in newborns
large mass of cells often on alveolar ridge
may need removal if interfering with feeding
general rule for primary dentition eruption sequence
lowers before uppers except lateral incisors
general rule for permanent dentition eruption sequence
lowers before upper except 2nd premolars
max dose lidocaine 2%
4.4mg /kg
20mg/ml
44mg per 2.2ml cartridge
max dose articaine 4%
7mg/kg
40mg/ml
88mg per 2.2ml cartridge
max dose prilocaine 3%
6mg/kg
30mg/ml
66mg per 2.2ml cartridge
what is MIH
developmental condition that presents in childhood and sees poorly formed enamel on at least 1 FPM and sometimes on incisors too
hypomineralised means the correct bulk and shape of enamel is there however there is decreased mineral content and therefore decreased strength
what time period of life is critical for investigating MIH causes
1st year of life
enamel matrix of FPM complete by 1 year old
in MIH, where are yellow/brown patches and white/cream patches located within enamel
yellow/brown - superficial
white/cream - deep
clinical problems associated with MIH
more susceptible to caries
softer enamel therefore increased wear
sensitivity
aesthetic issues
max daily dose ibuprofen
2.4g
max daily dose paracetamol
8g
SIMD quintiles
all data zones in scotland grouped into 5 sections
1 - most deprived
5 - least deprived
DMFS vs DMFT
DMFS - looks at each individual surface
DMFT - looks at tooth as a whole, worst surface dictates tooth code
A alpha fibres
myelinated nerve fibres
(largest)
involved in proprioception
A beta fibres
myelinated nerve fibres
mechanoreception
A delta fibres
myelinated
involved in mechanoreception, nociception, thermoreception (cold) and chemoreception (taste)
C fibres
non-myelinated
involved in mechanoreception, nociception and thermoreception (heat)
slowest of the nerve fibres
order nerve fibres from most to least susceptible to LA
A delta
C
A beta
A alpha
how do LAs work (basic)
block Na voltage gated channels from inside the cell
where is articaine metabolised
majority is metabolised in blood serum and rest is metabolised in liver
this is because has ester (blood) and amide (liver) component
contraindications for lidocaine
hypotension
impaired liver function
heart block and no pacemaker
contraindications for articaine
sickle cell disease and other haemoglobinpathies
