Gene Expression

Question 1

What are totipotent cells?

Answer 1

can produce any body cell

during development, don’t translate all DNA so result is specialisation

Question 2

What are pluripotent cells?

Answer 2

Divide in unlimited numbers
Stem cells
Treat human disorders

Question 3

What are unipotent cells?

Answer 3

Differentiate along one lineage

Question 4

Induced Pluripotent?

Answer 4

reprogramming adult body cells

express transcription factors

Question 5

Stem cells are used for:

Answer 5

Bone marrow transplants
Spinal cord injury
Transplants

Question 6

What are the ethical considerations for using stem cells?

Answer 6

Religious arguements
IVF rejections
Who has ownership?

Question 7

What is epigenetic control?

Answer 7

Control of gene expression due to control of markers on histones. May be from environmental influences.

Question 8

What is increased Methylation of histones?

Answer 8

More Methyl groups
More attraction
Gene densely packed
Transcription factors cant get in
Gene not expressed

Question 9

What is increased Acetylation of histones?

Answer 9

More Acetyl groups
Less Attractions
Gene more Apart
Transcription factors can get in
Gene is expressed.

Question 10

What are the transcription factors?

Answer 10

Promoters: target DNA site
Activators: helps RNA polymerase binds
Repressors: bind to target gene to prevent RNA polymerase binding

Question 11

What is the role of Oestrogen?

Answer 11

steroid hormone
creates an activator
helps RNA polymerase to bind

(may cause cancers???)