2.3 Transport through Membranes Flashcards
What is osmosis?
Water moves from an area of high water potential to lower water potential down at the water potential gradient passively
What is facilitated diffusion?
A substance made from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient passively through specialise channels and pores
What is a protein carrier
Are poor that opens in a protein
ATP energy is used and forms ADP and P this reopens when ADP and P are trying to create ATP
What is the protein channel?
Paul is allowed charged particles to pass through and this does not require ATP
What is active transport?
The movement of a substance from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration against a concentration gradient using ATP energy and protein carriers
What is an example of co transport?
NHS is pumped out of the cell which requires ATP
Sodium diffusers out of the cell by facilitated diffusion
Sodium and glucose combine and enter the cell at protein channels
What is simple diffusion?
A substance which moves from on area of high concentration to an area of low concentration down a concentration gradient passively
What is hypertonic?
Lower conc than cell cytoplasm so water leaves cell and shrivels and shrinks
Why Isotonic?
Same conc as cell cytoplasm, no water movement
What is Hypotonic?
Higher conc than cell cytoplasm, water enters cell. Cells stretch and burst
What factors affect the rate of uptake?
Conc gradient- the greater the difference, the faster the movement
Thickness- the thinner the pathway, the quicker the movement
Surface area- the larger the exchange area, the faster the movement
Glycoprotein
Protein with carbohydrate
Cell recognition
Glycolipid
Lipid with carbohydrate
Cell recognition
Cholesterol
Reduces fluidity to add structure
channel protein
substance transport
