4.1 DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards
What is the triplet code?
The bases of mRNA are read in threes when the are translated into amino acid
What is a codon?
A set of three bases which codes for 1 amino acid.
What is the template strand?
When DNA is transcribed it is the strand which is used to create the complimentary pre-mRNA
What is the coding strand?
The strand which codes for amino acids. This is copied when pre-mRNA is made by complimenting the template strand.
What is a genome?
All the genes which you posses
What is a proteome?
All the proteins that you can make.
What is an intron?
Non coding sections of gene.
These are used to space genes or help with the binding of histones.
What are histones?
Proteins which DNA winds around to tightly compact the helix into shapes such as chromosomes.
What are exons?
All coding sections of genes
What is splicing?
Before pre-mRNA can leave the nucleus, enzymes splice the introns out of the sequence. This is where the strand can finally be called mRNA
What are micro satellites?
Repeated units of sequence which vary in length and is unique to each person.
What is a gene?
A sequence of DNA which codes for proteins
What are alleles?
Different version of the same gene
What is a homologous chromosome?
Each chromosome is part of a homologous pair. 1 is your maternal and 1 is you paternal chromosome. The genes are in the same place but are different.
What is transcription?
mRNA makes a copy of the gene. In transcription DNA strand separate and the enzyme RNA polymerase lines up free nucleotides and joins together to form mRNA
