4.1 DNA RNA and Protein Synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the triplet code?

A

The bases of mRNA are read in threes when the are translated into amino acid

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2
Q

What is a codon?

A

A set of three bases which codes for 1 amino acid.

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3
Q

What is the template strand?

A

When DNA is transcribed it is the strand which is used to create the complimentary pre-mRNA

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4
Q

What is the coding strand?

A

The strand which codes for amino acids. This is copied when pre-mRNA is made by complimenting the template strand.

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5
Q

What is a genome?

A

All the genes which you posses

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6
Q

What is a proteome?

A

All the proteins that you can make.

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7
Q

What is an intron?

A

Non coding sections of gene.

These are used to space genes or help with the binding of histones.

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8
Q

What are histones?

A

Proteins which DNA winds around to tightly compact the helix into shapes such as chromosomes.

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9
Q

What are exons?

A

All coding sections of genes

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10
Q

What is splicing?

A

Before pre-mRNA can leave the nucleus, enzymes splice the introns out of the sequence. This is where the strand can finally be called mRNA

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11
Q

What are micro satellites?

A

Repeated units of sequence which vary in length and is unique to each person.

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12
Q

What is a gene?

A

A sequence of DNA which codes for proteins

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13
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different version of the same gene

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14
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

A

Each chromosome is part of a homologous pair. 1 is your maternal and 1 is you paternal chromosome. The genes are in the same place but are different.

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15
Q

What is transcription?

A

mRNA makes a copy of the gene. In transcription DNA strand separate and the enzyme RNA polymerase lines up free nucleotides and joins together to form mRNA

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16
Q

What is translation?

A

The code of mRNA is read and the correct sequence of amino acids is assembled.

17
Q

What is mRNA?

A

Messenger Ribonucleic acid

18
Q

What is tRNA?

A

Transfer Ribonucleic acid

19
Q

How does the genetic code safeguard against mutations?

A

Universal
Non overlapping
Degenerate code

20
Q

What is prokaryotic DNA?

A

Short
circular
No histones

21
Q

What is Eukaryotic DNA?

A

Long
Linear
Histones

22
Q

What are histones?

A

Globular proteins which eukaryotic DNA wind around