Gene expression Flashcards

1
Q

DNA characteristics

A

Double stranded thus very stable.

Contains heritable information to be transfered to RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RNA

A

Single stranded thus less stable.

Acts as a messenger of DNA information to be used in protien production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Protien purpose

A

Carry out cellular functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Promotor region

A

Where molecules bind to initate transcription

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Transcription

A

Transfer of DNA information into RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Three steps of transcription

A
  1. Initiation
  2. Elongation
  3. Termination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transcription - Initiation process

A

Trasncription factors assemble at TATA site and bind to DNA to cause a kink enabling substances to reach eachother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RNA polymerase role in transcription

A

Unwinds DNA strands to bring along more transcription factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transcription - Elongation process

A

RNA nucleotides added to template strand from 3 prime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Transcription - Termination process

A

Once the polyadenylation signal (End signal) is reached, Pre mrna and RNA polymerase is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Three steps of mrna processing

A
  1. Capping
  2. Tailing
  3. Splicing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mrna processing - capping process

A

Guanine nucleotide is added to 5 prime end of mrna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

mrna processing - Tailing

A

adenine nucelotides are added to 3 prime end of mrna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Purpose of capping and tailing

A

Facilitate export, stabilise and facilitate ribosome binding in cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

mrna processing - Splicing

A

Introns are removed from transcript so exons can join together - occurs in nucleus splicesomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Exon

A

Coding region

17
Q

Intron

A

Non coding regions in between exons

18
Q

UTR

A

Untranslated regions at 5 prime and 3 prime

19
Q

Splicesomes

A

Complex of protiens and RNA

20
Q

Alternate splicing

A

Different combination of exon joining to form multiple forms of mRNA

21
Q

Ribosome function and components

A

Holds tRNA and mRNA to form polypeptides

  1. Large and small subunit
  2. E site
  3. P site
  4. A site
  5. Exit tunnel
  6. mRNA binding site
22
Q

Transfer RNA

A

Bring in amino acids via anticodons that bind to codons of mRNA

23
Q

Translation

A

mrna exits nucleus into cytoplasm to form polypeptide chains

24
Q

Translation - Initiation

A

Small subunit ribosome binds to start site AUG of mrna and binds initiator tRNA via hydrogen bonds followed by bond of Large subunit

25
Translation - Elongation - Codon recognition
codons are paired with anticodons
26
Translation - Elongation - Peptide bond formation
Large subunit catalyses peptide bond formations between two adjacent amino acids
27
Translation - Elongation - Translocation
trna with now lost amino acid sequence is removed from A to P to E site
28
Translation - Termination
Ribosome reaches stop codon and hydrolosis of P site and trna releases polypeptide
29
Regulatory protiens
Block translation
30
Gene expression control
Temporal and spatial control - Protiens are continously produced and cell signalling activates trasncription
31
Protiens to function in cytoskeleton..
Complete translation on free ribosomes
32
Protiens that go to endomembrane system...
Complete translation on fixed ribosomes on RER