Cell structure and Function

Question 1

Eukaryotic cell characterisitics

Answer 1

Human cell with a nucleus, membrane bound, large and complex

Question 2

Prokaryotic cell characterisitics

Answer 2

No nucelus, not membrane bound, Small with only DNA e.g. bacteria

Question 3

Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell similarities

Answer 3

Plasma membrane, ribosomes, protein, cytosol, rna and dna

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Everything inside a cell

Question 5

Endomembrane system

Answer 5

Organelles inside the cytoplasm working to package, label and ship molecules

Question 6

cytosol

Answer 6

cytoplasmic fluid

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

barrier of cells controlling what enters/exits with semi permeable membrane

Question 8

Phospholipid bylayer

Answer 8

Hydrophobic tails face inside and hydrophillic heads face outside a cell to form a barrier

Question 9

Amphiphatic protein

Answer 9

Mediate movement of substances with hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions

Question 10

Peripheral protien

Answer 10

Associated partially with phospholipid layer

Question 11

Integral transmembrane

Answer 11

Protien that fully spans the membrane

Question 12

Intergral non trasnmembrane

Answer 12

Protien that’s partially imbedded in the membrane

Question 13

Transport protien

Answer 13

Provide pathway for substances to move through plasma membrane

Question 14

Enzyme activity

Answer 14

Protien with active site for chemical reactions

Question 15

Signal transduction

Answer 15

Signal molecules changes the receptor shape for communication

Question 16

Cell - cell recognition

Answer 16

Glycoproteins become molecular signatures that other cells recognise

Question 17

Intercellular joining

Answer 17

Junctions

Question 18

Attatchment to cytoskeleton and ECM

Answer 18

Facilitates movement and connect cell surface protiens to ECM

Question 19

DNA relationship to Histones

Answer 19

Long, thing DNA sphagetti strands wrap around histones 8 times to condense

Question 20

Dna condensed formation order

Answer 20

1. Nucleosomes
2. Chromatin
3. Chromatin fibre
4. Chromatid

Question 21

Microfilament components

Answer 21

Actin made filament that bears tension by anchoring cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane protiens and also acts as macrophages - Dynamic

Question 22

Intermediate filament components

Answer 22

Keratin made and bears tension via cell anchoring and also acts as a scaffold for organelles - Permanent

Question 23

Microtubules components

Answer 23

Tubelin based and supports cell shape/structure/flagella and cilia, provides movement of organelles, chromosome organisation, cell division - Dynamic

Question 24

Nucleus

Answer 24

Makes RNA and ribosomes, houses DNA and responsible for molecular seperation to allow temporal and spatial cell control

Question 25

Nuclear pores

Answer 25

Controls substances exiting/entering of substances from nucleus

Question 26

Nucleolus

Answer 26

Makes Ribosomal RNA

Question 27

Nuclear envelope

Answer 27

Phospholip bilayer of nucleus

Question 28

Rough endoplasmic reticullum

Answer 28

Forms a vesicle leading to the Golgi, produces secretion, membrane and organelle protiens

Question 29

Golgi apparatus

Answer 29

Modifies susbtances

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

Translate RNA into Protiens, made in nucleolus. Freely moving in cytoplasm and fixed in RER making protiens

Question 31

Mitchondria

Answer 31

Makes ATP, transfers phosphates, contains DNA

Question 32

Lysosomes

Answer 32

Digests substrates and destroys cells

Question 33

Smooth endoplasmic reticullum

Answer 33

Synthesises lipids, stores cell specific proteins/enzymes